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海外国家整治房地产中介乱象不手软

2017-05-03 17:28:02   新华网

日本房地产中介公司的所有合同按规定需保留10年,一旦合同出现错误,房屋出现瑕疵,中介都有不可逃避的责任。当事员工要负责不说,领导和负责人对在任期内任何员工所签的任何一份合同也都要负责。即使出现问题时前任负责人已经卸任,也得承担赔偿责任,甚至中止合同,把钱退还买主。

行业协会执行力强,也是日本房地产中介运营比较规范的重要原因。孟凡海说,在日本不管干什么行业,一般都有行业管理,而行业管理基本上依靠行业协会。做房地产有不动产协会,中介公司都要加入协会。

英国:清晰流程助解决消费者与中介纠纷

总体而言,尽管没有一个明确的监管机构,但相对完善的市场经济规则和法规还是使英国的房地产中介行业健康地运行。房地产中介大多数情况下无法钻空子,消费者在发现自己利益受损时,可以通过向公司和行业协会投诉或者向法院起诉要求判决等方式维护其合法权益。

英国买房人、卖房人如果与中介产生争执,通常的解决流程如下:消费者首先可以向地产中介公司投诉,如果不能解决,再向监察专员投诉,如果监察专员仍然解决不了问题,消费者还可以向行业协会投诉。消费者也可以寻求仲裁或到法庭起诉,仲裁和法院判决是房地产领域具有强制执行力的仅有的两个渠道。

尽管如此,当前英国房地产中介市场仍然存在监管不足的现状,有业内人士呼吁进一步加强监管,但被政府以影响市场竞争和消费者的理由拒绝了。英国政府认为,如果所有的中介商都需要政府监管并核发执照,就可能导致交易手续费用提高,最终使消费者权益受损,得不偿失。

美国:房地产“炒不起来”的根源

记者调查发现,美国房子之所以“炒不起来”,是因为相关税费制度设计给一般投资者的炒房冲动戴上了“紧箍咒”。

纽约瑞禧地产创始人杰西·汤在接受新华社记者采访时表示,“炒房”这个概念在美国不适用。美国房地产市场商业化历史悠久,法律齐全。次贷危机过去10年了,美国房地产市场已基本回归理性,即便是在纽约这样繁华的大都市,房价每年的平均涨幅也是有限的。算算地产税、管理费、保险费、修缮维护费和资本所得税等成本,靠“炒房子”在短期内赚大钱几乎是不可能的事。

在房价上涨幅度有限的情况下,减去上述种种成本,在美国投资地产要在短期内盈利几乎不可能。杰西·汤说,也有不少美国人买房做投资,但大都做长线出租,他们首先关心的不是房价能涨多少,而是房子价值是否抗跌,更加注重房子的地理位置和交通便利等便于出租的因素。相比之下,投资房地产,远没有投资股票、基金、债券更有吸引力。(参与记者:宋聃、张小军、钱铮、梁希之、温希强、杨士龙)

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