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最后,人均出境旅游消费显示中国出境旅游还处在与国情相适应的初级发展阶段。从总量上看,中国出境旅游消费规模的总量居于世界前列;但从人均消费水平来看,约940美元/人次的消费不仅不足美国的一半(2020美元/人次),也远低于近邻日本(1429美元/人次)与韩国(1427美元/人次)的消费,甚至低于同样为金砖国家的巴西(2150美元/人次)。结合对中国出境旅游率的分析,可以判断中国出境旅游还处在和我国国情相适应的初级阶段。
在关注出境旅游消费的同时,需要高度重视入境旅游的作用。以入境旅游为主要构成的我国旅游服务贸易规模(进出口总额)从1982年的7.69亿美元上升到2015年的4063.09亿美元,平均年增长率为20.92%,在33年中有27年的增长率在10%以上。旅游多年来一直是服务贸易创汇的主力,基本上占据服务贸易创汇的三分之一以上。同时,占货物贸易和服务贸易总和的比重从1982年的1.67%上升到2015年的8.63%。因此,旅游,特别是入境旅游发展,对于逐步改变以商品贸易创汇为主的局面,形成货物贸易创汇与服务贸易创汇共同发展的新格局,具有非常现实的意义。而境外游客来中国旅游,切身感受中国现代化的快速发展,极为有利于中国文化的传播、国家正面形象的建构以及国家和地区影响力的扩大,意义重大。因此,在我们对出境消费报以极大关注的同时,仍然需要对入境旅游加以高度重视。
综上所述,对于我国出境旅游的发展要理性与冷静地看待。一方面,需要认识到作为社会经济与对外开放的结果,出境旅游市场与消费的持续增长是必然的。另一方面,也要关注出境旅游对于支撑我国大国外交、推动文化输出、平衡贸易结构等方面的重要作用,并引导其作用的有效发挥。同时,也要通过入境旅游的发展,共同推动我国旅游进出口贸易的增长,支撑我国从旅游大国向旅游强国的迈进。(中新经纬APP)
【专家简介】蒋依依,中国旅游研究院国际旅游研究所所长,博士。世界旅游城市联合会特聘专家、住建部生态城市研究专业委员会委员、国家开发银行专家。2015年度第二批国家“万人计划”青年拔尖人才。
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