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哪些饭碗可能被机器人抢? 已不局限于工业制造业

2017-05-02 08:00:33   北京晨报

小i机器人创始人、董事长袁辉告诉记者,2015年,中国建设银行把客服机器人用于呼叫中心,当年就取代了大量员工。“还有很多银行、运营商、电商甚至地方政府都在开始运用机器人。”袁辉说。

北京航空航天大学智慧制造研究院院长王田苗认为,机器人技术将广泛应用于工业制造、服务领域,以及智能汽车、无人机等方面。

山东临沂申通业务总监吴礼华介绍,为提高效率及避免暴力分拣,目前,临沂申通配备了320台智能分拣机器人,每小时可以处理1.8万个5公斤以内的包裹,准确率基本达到100%。同等工作量所需人工由150人降为30人,削减岗位达80%之多。

江苏常州火凤凰永动型消防灭火机器人公司推出了一款名为“火凤凰”的耐高温消防机器人。公司总经理任曲波介绍,这款机器人除了耐高温,还可以进行毒气探测,能代替消防员进入高危火场、爆炸、有毒环境,执行关闭阀门等任务,降低事故现场的二次爆炸概率。

中国机器人产业联盟理事长曲道奎博士说,服务机器人在我国当前拥有广大的市场与广阔的前景。“例如,我们正在做智能护理设备的临床实验,可以进行各种生理参数的检测。”曲道奎强调,“未来,机器人可以在消防、救援、守护、医疗护理等公共服务等服务领域大有可为。”

山东省经信委装备产业处调研员王桂强认为,人工智能的兴起,可能会造成部分低技能劳动者失业。但也有专家认为,机器人的应用将创造更多高端就业机会。这可能包括:工业数据科学家、机器人协调员、工业工程师、模拟专家、供应链协调岗位、系统设计、信息技术、3D 辅助设计、现场服务工程师、销售与服务人员的需求。值得注意的是,这些新增的就业岗位专业性极强。

如何面对机器换人?

多数专家业者认为,虽然机器人对人工岗位造成一定影响,但完全没有必要过度紧张。

供职于广东长盈精密技术有限公司的王亚敏告诉记者,虽然自己的工作一度被机器人替换掉了,但通过2个月的培训,她已经重新上岗,从普工晋升成为技术员学员,甚至还加了薪。公司总经理助理罗卫强说,尽管大力推进“机器换人”,但是大部分员工都可以在公司内部得到消化,经过转岗培训后重新上岗。

“人类发明机器人的目的最早是代替人,然后发展到服务人,将来是扩展人。”华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院院长丁汉院士说,“目前,工业机器人大多在一些结构化的环境当中工作,在线传感能力都比较差。服务机器人目前还只能完成一些简单的任务。至于特种机器人,都是需要通过人工遥控操作完成特定工作。” 据新华社

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