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电商时代打假面临新问题 制假售假者违法成本低?

2017-04-26 15:33:10   检察日报

根据《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理侵犯知识产权刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》的规定,销售假冒注册商标的商品罪,需要销售金额达到5万元以上才会构成犯罪。

立法和执法应回应时代需求

“当前电子商务的发展已远超立法当时的客观环境,应突破旧的法律框架。”浙江大学光华法学院教授阮方民建议,立法、司法机关要降低电子商务平台制假售假的违法犯罪立案标准。

浙江大学光华法学院互联网法律研究中心主任副教授高艳东则建议,对假货相关的犯罪,应该改变唯数额的认定标准,建议增加“多次”情节条款。“只要是产品多次交易,在有条件的情况下也可以入罪入刑。”高艳东说。

在北京大学法学院教授王新看来,打击电商时代的制假售假行为,现有的立法已经够用。“现在需要做的,则是要结合日新月异的社会发展,对一些过时的条款进行修正和完善,并严格执法,将法律的惩戒性用足。”王新认为,在追诉标准方面,还有很大的完善余地。“起刑点的入罪标准太单一,需要考虑多样化。”王新说。

谈及这类犯罪的基础性罪名“生产、销售伪劣产品罪”时,王新说,该罪名制定于1997年,二十年来没有修改过,入罪标准仍旧是销售金额5万元以上。依据销售金额会带来很多问题,比如,在实际办案中很难进行金额的换算。他进一步指出,电子商务背景下,只依据销售金额作为追诉标准,过于单一,不能满足实践的需求。为此,他建议考虑将件数、次数等情节作为定罪量刑的标准,多样化才能满足客观的需求以及适应刑事司法的需要。

“我们还要在司法层面采取特殊规定,对于制假售假犯罪,即使符合法定缓刑条件,也应当严格禁止缓刑适用。”王新说。同时,他还建议,可考虑对于制假售假的累犯,终身禁止其从业。

关于“制假售假刑事打击的筛子眼儿太粗”这一看法,也有不同声音。北京市京师律师事务所张新年律师则认为,刑罚应当保持一定的谦抑,该罪的入罪门槛并不低。在他看来,从行政管理到刑事追责的各个层面,立法不谓不严,问题关键在于执法,执法不严是假冒伪劣商品泛滥的主要原因。

张新年进一步指出,规制制假、售假行为,基本上实现了有法可依,无论是民事追责、行政处罚,还是刑事追责,法律都提供了有力支撑。刑法只是惩治不法行为的最后一道防线,如果能在行政管理层面有效遏制违法行为,可以把制假售假行为的社会危害性降到更低。

“除了执法不严,过分侧重经济因素也是问题产生的原因。”张新年说,存在贪图眼前经济而忽略知识产权保护的观念,这对知识产权的保护和打击也造成了冲击。

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