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内外因素助推“寒蝉效应” 海外置业不可控风险加剧

2017-02-17 17:39:21   

不过,目前海外置业的政策风险和成本已不可低估。去年7月25日,作为加拿大国外投资者最多的地区,加拿大温哥华宣布房产转让税新政,去年8月起将向来自海外的房地产投资者额外征收15%的房屋转让税,旨在解决该省南部房地产市场空置率和房价过高问题。

澳大利亚自2016年4月起,为了避免大规模海外投资客推高当地房价,澳大利亚四大银行表示不再为海外收入人群提供住房按揭贷款;今年2月6日澳大利亚宣布,强化对外国投资者在澳非法置业的打击力度。近两年来,已经强制出售总价值1.07亿澳元的房产,其中约40%的房产属于富裕的中国买家,理由是这些交易违反了该国法律。

在青岛大学经济学院教授易宪容看来,加拿大和澳大利亚政府的举措无疑产生了寒蝉效应。“目前国外热门区域房价已上涨至较高水平,部分甚至处于泡沫危险区,因此,供应急剧增加、利率升高或国际资本流向出现变化,随时都可能引发大幅价格回调。此外,政策变动的不可控,也会使海外房产随时暴露在风险之中。”

资金外流被套上“紧箍咒”

更严厉的措施来自于国内。当前海外置业的火热,也引发了监管层的关注。我国近期出台了一系列措施,进一步收紧对企业和个人跨境投资和资金外流的管控。

2016年年底,中国人民银行发布《金融机构大额交易和可疑交易报告管理办法》,将大额现金交易的人民币报告标准由“20万元”调整为“5万元”,以人民币计价的大额跨境交易报告标准为“人民币20万元”。此举被解读为变相调低了换汇额度。

2017年1月,国家外汇管理局对购汇用途进行细化和重申。虽然居民每人5万美元购汇额度并未缩减,但购汇流程相比以往更加复杂。其中重申,在个人客户购买外汇时,需要填写《申请书》,明确购汇时,不用于境外买房、证券投资。

记者采访的一些商业银行人士表示,此举将增加个人向境外转移资金的难度,国人购买海外物业的活动可能会受到一定的潜在影响,2017年的海外置业潮或将面临降温。有中介人士更预测,对外流资金的严控,还可能导致买家无法为已购房产还贷,这或将影响全球的楼市。

澳大利亚人斯科特是一名住在上海的房地产中介。能说一口流利普通话的他,主要工作就是帮助这里的有钱人到澳大利亚购买房产。自去年下半年开始,斯科特发现,由于中国央行采取措施阻止资金外流,看房的客户明显不如以前。

据他介绍,根据中国法律,个人可带到境外的资金上限为5万美元,此前,不少人是全家人将钱凑在一起,巧妙绕开这个上限。“直到2016年上半年,规定一直比较松散。现在越来越严格,必须承诺转到国外的5万美元不用于投资房地产。”斯科特说,“现在我都要提醒买家,除非钱已经转去海外,否则不要在购房合同上签字。”

多位业内人士认为,海外置业需要警惕相关市场和法律风险。中原地产首席分析师张大伟认为,海外置业要警惕市场风险。我国处于城镇化快速发展阶段,全国房价走高。但是,这种经验仅能解释国内特定区域的发展情况,如果放到世界范围内,以较长的时间区间来衡量就能发现,房地产行业与其他任何一个行业一样,都是有涨有跌的,在国外成熟的市场更是如此。“因此,如果拿着国内房产市场的经验参与海外置业,极有可能面对来自市场的风险。”

此外,国人海外置业,面临的是完全陌生的市场,在法律政策、体制运作、文化习俗等多方面与国内存在较大差异。因此,在对外投资整体增长的大走势下,海外置业“入乡随俗”,更要严格遵守当地政策法规,规避各种风险。

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