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企业用工成本调查:支付1.6万元 员工才到手7300元

2016-06-07 07:21:41   中国经济周刊

企业还抱怨社保缴费基数“被上涨”。目前,我国社保缴费基数下限按照当地社会平均工资60%比例执行,而很多企业特别是劳动密集型小微企业,员工工资水平低于缴费基数、增速低于社会平均工资增速,使得每年个人缴费在增长,员工现实所得反倒有所减少。

郑州的企业算了算账,2015年,郑州最低工资标准为1600元,而社保缴费基数下限为2464元。一位拿最低工资水平的员工,如果按8%的比例缴纳公积金,按规定个人要缴纳大约380元的五险一金费用,企业还要为其再缴纳约900元,总计达1180元,相当于其工资的70%多。

社保之外,企业还需根据用工规模缴纳残疾人保障金、工会费等。

此外,国有企业还承担着部分“办社会”的职能,也加重了企业成本。

用工成本怎么降?“机器换人”渐成潮流

企业普遍认为工资已不可能降,关键要提高劳动生产率。

用工成本怎么降?面对这个问题,受访的多家企业直言,“工资是不可能降了,这两年企业有困难,工资别涨太快就不错了。”毕竟,经济发展最终还是要让人过上好日子。

提高劳动生产率,成为多数企业降低用工成本的选择。浙江、河南的多家制造业企业在推行“机器换人”。只要能用机器代替人工的,现在都倾向于用机器。在手机主板测试环节,更新设备后,原先需要十几个人的工作,现在交给一个人操作4台机器就可以了。

提高劳动生产率的另一个方面是加强培训、提升技能。但是,企业纷纷表示为难。王振举例说,金杭包装2014年时曾专门招了14名大专学历员工作为重点培养对象,并以12万元的年薪为他们聘请了指导老师。没想到,年底就有6人提出辞职,到今年3月,14人中只有两个人还在公司。“培养一个走一个,企业哪还有动力培养员工?”企业建议国家增加制造业企业的培训补贴,既能够减轻企业的成本压力,也有助于提高劳动者的技能水平。

“机器换人是个大趋势。换下来的员工怎么办?我们企业愿意做培训,让过去从事简单劳动的员工转为技术工,希望得到有关方面的支持。”鸿富锦负责人表示。

采访中,企业都感到社保缴费费率偏高,但是又纷纷强调社保待遇不能下降,“社保关系到以后的生活,还是要保障其水平稳步提高的。”

今年5月1日起,国家在保证社保待遇不降低的同时下调社保费率,全国有河南等20个省份符合将养老缴费比例降至19%的条件。但调查中一些企业认为,降低1个百分点不解渴。目前广东和浙江企业职工养老单位缴费费率是14%,其他省份的企业对此表示羡慕。

一些企业还提出,控制用工成本可以考虑从城镇化的角度加以推进。目前,制造业企业一线工人的主体是农民工。企业需要稳定员工队伍,而不是年年春节过后重新招人。如果农民工在就业地始终没有归属感,住房、就医、孩子上学等问题都得不到妥善解决,就很难稳定下来,自身的生活成本增加了,也会间接增加企业的用工成本。

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