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详解营改增收官之战:5000多亿元减税如何确保落地

2016-04-13 10:58:10   新华社

从2016年5月1日起,营改增改革试点将扩至建筑业、房地产业、金融业和生活服务业,试点完成后营业税将退出历史舞台。改革“收官”在即,财政部副部长史耀斌、国家税务总局副局长汪康12日在国务院新闻办公室联合举行吹风会,详解营改增“收官”攻坚战如何做好最后的冲刺准备,确保5000多亿元减税能确实惠及企业,给经济添动力。

本届政府最大规模减税行动

史耀斌说,全面推开营改增改革,是本届政府成立以来规模最大的一次减税行动。据测算,2016年全年减税将超过5000亿元,减税规模之大前所未有。

他表示,营改增是创新驱动的“信号源”,也是经济转型升级的强大“助推器”。在当前许多行业、企业出现经营困难的情况下,全面推开这一改革有利于给企业增加活力,给经济增加动力。用政府收入的“减法”,换取企业效益的“加法”,和市场活力的“乘法”。

数据显示,自2012年1月1日启动营改增试点到2015年底,营改增已累计减税6000多亿元,其中超过97%的试点纳税人实现税负下降或持平,累计减税3133亿元;原增值税行业(主要为制造业)可抵扣进项税增加,累计减税3279亿元。

“所有行业税负只减不增”绝不是空话

今年政府工作报告明确要求,全面实施营改增,要确保所有行业只减不增。史耀斌表示,一系列硬举措确保这一目标落实到位。

史耀斌说,从制度设计上,房地产业、建筑业、金融业和生活服务业原来在营业税上的优惠政策改革后继续延续,如养老、医疗、教育、金融机构的同业往来等继续实施免税。

对建筑和房地产业的一些老合同和老项目继续实行政策平转,允许建筑工程的老合同、房地产的老项目选择适用简易计税方法征税等,和过去计税的办法一样,税负也不增。

对特定行业制定了一些过渡性优惠政策,如建筑业里面的甲供材,还有清包工等项目选择适用简易计税方法征税;允许房地产企业扣除土地的购置成本;如对金融机构尚未收到的逾期贷款利息,在实际收到时再征税,减少企业财务负担等等。

汪康说,此次营改增受益最大的是生活服务业,过去营业税是5%,由于生活服务业中的中小企业基本都属于增值税小规模纳税人,改革后按3%的征收率实行简易征收,由5%降到3%,税负下降了40%。

5%税率平移 个人转让二手房征增值税反而少交税

今年全面推开营改增试点首次将自然人纳入增值税范畴,针对外界担心改革后个人转让二手房税负增加,汪康回应说,国税总局配合财政部在研究个人住房征税问题时非常审慎,政策体现两个“稳定”含义。

一是个人二手房交易在税收负担上保持基本稳定。原先二手房营业税的征税政策和免税政策平移过来,过去征营业税5%,现在改征增值税还是5%,而且平移后交易二手房税负还略有降低。

汪康举例说,过去征营业税5%,如果房价是100万元的话,交5万元营业税;现在如果房价还是100万元,增值税由于要按照不含税价来征税,税基不一样,因此改革后税额变成100÷(1 5%)×5%=47600元,少交税2400元。相当于原来营业税负担是5%,营改增后税收负担是4.76%。

二是个人交易二手房在办理二手房产权证过程中,涉及到的相关税收问题、办税流程和办税场所都保持不变。国税总局研究决定,个人二手房交易以及自然人二手房出租,仍委托地税部门代征、代开发票,一切维持基本不变。

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