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丹东港口实地探访:中朝正常贸易往来一直没中断

2016-04-01 11:53:02   和讯网

赵伟回忆说,曾经有一段时间,丹东市差不多半数以上的贸易公司都号称经营朝鲜无烟煤业务。但是实际上很多公司都是在做着“对缝”的生意,其自身既没有从朝鲜进货的渠道,也不具备从朝鲜进口无烟煤的资金实力。正是这些人将丹东市的无烟煤进口贸易推上了顶峰,同时也为日后的衰落留下了隐患。

离开的贸易商

各路人马纷纷杀入无烟煤贸易领域,打破了行业原有的供求格局。从朝鲜进口的无烟煤虽然只是一个小煤种,最初每年进口只有几百万吨,在短短的几年间迅速增加至如今每年接近2000万吨的进口水平。

随着市场供求关系出现了变化,竞争也变得更加激烈,一些从事进口无烟煤的贸易商最终在2013年打响了价格战。“开始的时候只是小型贸易商参与,后来大中型贸易商也无奈地跟风降价,导致行业的利润率不断走低。进口朝鲜无烟煤的纯利润由当初的40元/吨~50元/吨缩水至如今的5元/吨~10元/吨,虽然其中的影响因素有很多,但是价格战肯定是最为重要的原因之一。”赵伟介绍说,在这样的情况下,处境最为艰难的还是小型的贸易商,因为他们对冲风险的能力远远不及大中型的贸易商。

一位从事焦煤进口业务的当地人士告诉证券时报·莲花财经记者,朝鲜的矿山和煤矿均为国有,因此中国的大型无烟煤贸易商只要能够和朝鲜的一些关键人士搞好关系,那么在议价方面就会具有明显的优势。从某种程度上来说,这也是大型贸易商抗风险能力的一种体现。

据悉,从朝鲜进口的无烟煤中很大一部分是销往中国的钢铁企业,由于国内钢铁企业在最近几年的经营压力越来越大,面临着较大的资金压力。在这样的情况下,大多数钢铁企业不再囤积无烟煤,而是采取按需采购的方式。因此虽然无烟煤进口贸易商打响了价格战,但是实际销售量并没有明显增加,市场的需求依然很差。另外,即便钢铁企业从贸易商手中采购了无烟煤,却不能按时结账,小型进口贸易商的资金周转能力有限,根本经受不起钢铁企业拖欠货款。从2013年下半年开始,一些实力不强的中小型贸易商就陆续退出市场。

“更加让中小贸易商感到雪上加霜的是,今年2月下旬开始,丹东港已经禁止朝鲜船只停靠,其他国家的船只如果是运输产自朝鲜的无烟煤也同样不让停靠。进口无烟煤贸易商如果在此前和国内企业签有采购订单,现在将会面临违约的危险。”赵伟表示,丹东市的大型无烟煤进口贸易商因为在国内其他港口设有办事处,还可以克服这种困难,但是那些仅仅依托于丹东港一个港口的中小型贸易商就比较难过。谁也不知道进口朝鲜无烟煤贸易何时能够恢复正常,如果时间过长,肯定又会有一批人离开这个行业。

“前一段时间就已经禁止朝鲜的船只、运输朝鲜无烟煤的船只在丹东港停靠,至于何时能够恢复如初,将取决于我们‘邻居’的下一步行动。”3月29日上午,丹东东港海事处的相关工作人员表示。

卓创资讯分析师刘冬娜在接受证券时报·莲花财经记者电话采访时表示,最近两年,从朝鲜进口的无烟煤呈现出量价双双回落的走势,由于国内外的市场均不景气,目前已经有至少30%的从业者退出市场。在联合国安理会对朝鲜进行制裁之后,为了控制风险,最近一段时间考虑转行的无烟煤贸易商并不在少数。

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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