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工信部加紧制定盐业改革方案 确认盐业专营将取消

2014-11-21 10:36:30   

“2000年至今,国内的盐改方案曾经先后6次提出,但均都无疾而终。”邹佳莱表示,算起来,本次重新提出的盐改方案已经是“第七版”。

■ 观点

“食盐加碘政策也应取消”

在业内看来,多年以来盐业专营的改革屡屡停滞不前,主要的原因一方面是用盐安全的考虑,一方面来自既得利益团体的阻挠。

2009年,国务院国资委企业监事会监事陈国卫曾经“炮轰”中盐公司。他认为中国盐业专营制度改革推进缓慢,垄断难以破除,根本问题是来自中国盐业总公司的强烈反对。

“实际上,除去利益方面的问题,更主要的还有盐业专营存在政策和法规基础。”原国家粮食局标准质量中心高级工程师谢华民表示。

她介绍,在建国以后,盐业作为当时国家最为重要的税收来源之一,一直被垄断专营。到了1990年之后,国内有人从健康的角度提出,国人需要补碘,因此盐业需要专营以保证供给。

1994年,《食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例》颁布;紧接着,1996年《食盐专营办法》颁布,标志着盐业国有专营的合理合法性。

谢华民认为:“‘条例’存在,《食盐专营办法》就有了合规性,食盐专营制度也就多年来一直难以改变。”谢华民表示,目前国家医药卫生条件已经改善明显,公民自我保健意识增强,公民摄取碘的渠道也很多,不存在需要全民补碘。

“因此食盐专营以加碘作为前提已经不成立,在取消盐业专营的同时,应该将食盐加碘的条例一并取消。”她表示。(刘溪若)

■ 影响

盐业种类和价格将市场化

对于“第七版”的盐改方案,意在打破盐业专营垄断,实现政企分离,行业内普遍认为,一旦改革成行,将建立真正的市场化体系。

“过去企业只是把加工好的盐统一售卖给固定的盐业公司,接触不到零售端,利润较低,产品做好做坏一个样,严重缺乏动力。”昨日,有河北省盐业生产企业内部人士对新京报记者表示。

上海彭旨平律师事务所律师邹佳莱认为,打破盐业专营,将从三个方面影响行业。首先,是盐矿、生产加工企业,行业准入放开之后,他们会拥有销售权,可以建立自主的品牌,通过接触终端市场,从而建立更符合市场需求的产品。

从消费者角度来说,将有更多的自主选择权。此前,一个地区的公民只能吃一家的盐产品,“该区域不缺碘,但如果区域的盐业公司生产的都是碘盐,消费者就得强制去买明显不合理。”

最后,从流通环节来说,更多民企进入,竞争力会增加,未来根据需求的不同,产品也会多元化,“比如出现普通食盐、工业用盐、保健用盐等不同种类的产品。”

邹佳莱认为,短期内放开盐业专营,可能会导致一定的市场和产品价格的波动,但长期来看,通过市场化的调节,盐业产品的价格将逐步回落,市场也会回归公平竞争,“在这种情况下,政府和行业协会只需做好监督即可,市场的力量自然会对行业优胜劣汰。”(刘溪若)

盐业专营改革大事记:

●1980年 国家经委批准成立中国盐业总公司。

●1994年 国务院批准对盐业实行专营。

●1996年5月 为了保障食盐加碘,国务院正式发布《食盐专营办法》,并行使盐政管理职能。

●2001年 国家经济贸易委员会在经济运行局设立了盐业管理办公室;此后,该办公室提出的第一次盐改方案,因经贸委核销被搁浅。

●2005年 发改委提出盐业改革方案,此后因工作移交工信部,方案再被搁浅。

●2009年 国家发改委和工信部组建的盐业体制改革小组,再次提出盐业体制改革方案初稿,方案最终无果。

●2014年4月 国家发改委刊发第10号令,决定废止《食盐专营许可证管理办法》。

●2014年11月20日 工信部确认正在加紧制定盐业改革方案,并明确改革方向是政企分开,取消食盐专营制度。

整理:刘溪若

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