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夏利上半年预亏超4亿 老牌车企衰败面临淘汰

2014-08-11 08:19:26   新京报

多品牌战略遭质疑

今年4月,大股东一汽集团策动,一汽夏利发生了管理层的集体换血。一汽集团总经理许宪平亲点,刚刚晋升为一汽丰田一把手仅半年的田聪明,重回天津一汽担任总经理,担任救火队长角色。

同时,原先的公司高管,包括公司总经理王刚、副董事长林引在内的四名高管则集体辞职。

在外界看来,夏利高层的换血,是希望尽快扭亏,因为这关系到一汽集团能否整体上市。

“对于一汽集团来说,实现整体打包上市是目前重中之重的事情。”张军介绍,此前许宪平对田聪明的要求是,务必在2015年前将一汽夏利的主营业务扭亏为盈,避免成为集团整体上市的“绊脚石”。

在这个逻辑之下,在集团内定位“低端”车型的夏利,开始走中端路线似乎得到集团支持。

5月,公司召开了新品发展规划发布会。宣布打造了一个全新品牌“骏派”系列,瞄准中端汽车市场,主打目前火爆的都市SUV概念。

但对于夏利公司力图转型的多品牌经营战略,业内普遍并不看好。

“一汽夏利的核心问题不在于品牌多少,而在于将一个品牌做深做精,加大研发力度,切实提高目前较差的产品的质量和结构性能,这样的话用户自然就会回来。”张志勇表示,在过去几年中,国内的自主型品牌已经做过多品牌战略的实验,事实证明,国产品牌在研发、技术、资金上很难支撑多品牌发展的高昂成本,走此路数的企业也多以失败告终,并走回单品经营的模式中。

“丰田每年的产量都在1000万辆,还只是做一个品牌系列。夏利年产量20万辆,就做多品牌,感觉改革更像是形式上的折腾,取得成功的机会不大。”张志勇说。

而张军则认为,现在中国车市品牌众多,竞争激烈,在传统汽车领域,新品牌的成功概率越来越小,所投入的成本却急速增长。“放着旧有的品牌不做,另立门户去做一个全新的品牌,在宣传、研发投入上的成本太大,对于夏利的战略规划,实在不能看好。”张军介绍,此前奇瑞曾重金打造的观致品牌,现在还在为销量烦恼,就是一个典型案例。

退市风险压顶,集团边缘地位难改观

汽车业资深分析师张志勇认为,在2002年并入一汽之后,夏利品牌下滑的局面并未得到好转。夏利被并购后缺少大股东的支持加快了夏利衰败的步伐。

“当时一汽的盘子和规模太大,集团的包袱太重,对夏利无暇顾及,并购后并未被列为重点研发和核心发展的品牌。”张志勇称,当时一汽集团更加倾向于对丰田、大众、奥迪等盈利状况空间和市场发展较好的合资品牌投入,单品盈利面差市场前景弱的低端品牌夏利则备受冷落。

“得不到技术、资金等资源上的支持,公司本身发展又受制于大股东,缺少独立性,自然在产品研发上投入不力,以至于品牌影响力逐步边缘。”张志勇分析。

“公司业务下滑,产品更新不力,最主要还是并购到一汽集团之后受到限制。当时一汽集团内部在中、高端品牌上较为齐全,出于集团战略发展的考虑,夏利只能继续发展低端品牌,难以转型升级”,上述夏利内部高层人士对新京报记者说。

“田聪明履新不代表夏利在一汽集团内部被边缘化的局面会改变,如果夏利依然得不到重视,公司困难的局面仍会持续。”

张志勇认为,经营一个全新的品牌需要资金和时间的投入,推倒重来成本太高,同时多品牌经营负担很重,对于已经陷入亏损的一汽夏利来说,年内想要扭亏几乎不大可能,届时公司将难逃“ST”命运。

“目前来说,还没有看出夏利得到大股东大力支持的迹象,而一旦公司业绩持续亏损,将面临被退市的风险。”张志勇表示。

8月7日,在谈到公司未来转型战略的困难时,一汽夏利董秘孟军奎对新京报记者表示,一个汽车品牌的成功需要前期资金、技术和成本的投入,往往需要三四年的周期,对于公司未来短期不应轻下判断。

□新京报记者刘溪若北京报道

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