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京津冀一体化三大规划正制定 将上报国务院

2014-07-23 08:28:32   新京报

对此,河北省社科院副院长杨思远也认为,当务之急是从顶层设计上考虑,建立一个能够协调三方的平台,这是推动协同发展的必要条件。

“一亩三分地”思维待破除

“当地要发展,除了中央财政拨付,主要靠当地财税,但没有企业,就没有财税。” 河北工业大学京津冀一体化研究中心常务副主任张贵告诉新京报记者,现行的财税体制、官员考核等促使官员都为各自的地方政府考虑,长期以来制约着京津冀一体化的发展。

“一些重点工业园、项目是地方税收大户,在GDP核算中占比很大。”一名参与编制的专家表示,对于地方官员来说,除了绩效考核,最牵挂的就是地方税收,在目前以地方为单元的财税体制下,很难进行资源共享,“企业转出去,地方就没利益了。”

这一看法比较普遍。早在2010年,国家发改委国土开发与地区经济研究所所长肖金成在接受媒体采访时就表示,导致京津冀三地无法进行深层次合作的根本原因是行政阻隔,由于地方官员只考虑地方发展,GDP政绩观作祟,三地各自为政。其在当时采访中举例,天津碱厂由于所需的盐由外地输入,又面临运输成本高与铁路运力不足的问题,在天津已无优势,肖金成曾建议天津碱厂搬迁至河北或者山东等地,或从天津塘沽区搬到大港区,但塘沽区和天津都不愿意其搬迁。

北京社科院中国总部经济研究中心研究总监陈智国昨日在接受新京报记者采访时直言,一体化最大的难点还是在于体制问题,需要打破“一亩三分地”的思维,站在大区域角度去落实一体化的定位和方向。

在改革财税机制之外,参与规划编制的专家指出,也应在生态环保问题上完善生态补偿机制。杨思远表示,河北省每年给北京提供大量的水等资源,上游不允许建工厂,投资是地方上自己来搞,河北的财力又达不到,所以要建立合理的补偿机制,比如生态补偿机制。

“一窝蜂”式发展缺少差异化

一名参与规划编制的专家表示,一直以来,三省市差异化并不明显,“一下子撒胡椒面,一窝蜂式无序竞争,是没法解决问题的。”

中国社会科学院区域经济研究所研究员刘维新在接受新京报记者采访时表示,北京、天津、河北这三个地区本来应该错位发展,但是没有错位发展,形成的是互相制约而不是互相促进。

河北大学经济学院院长王金营表示,并不是每个城市都要发展某一产业,关键要看自己有没有这个能力,比如保定可以发展光伏产业,北京可以在中关村[-0.19% 资金 研报]发展高科技产业园区。

京津冀一体化中,河北相对落后,地位也比较尴尬。比如河北省各城市在定位上也较为雷同,没有突出重点,应在一体化过程中重点选择,根据区域自身突出重点。对此,常纪文表示,一体化既不能成为地方盲目发展非环境友好型经济的借口,也不能成为地方扩展房地产市场的借口,更不能成为地方盲目扩展工业园区的借口。

“如果把河北看成是个后花园,是精心打理呢?还是让它破败不堪呢?”王金营打比方说。他说,很多人包括河北自己,都认为河北要服务京津发展,这没有问题,但在服务京津的同时,也要有自身的创新能力,要吸引京津的人才、资源,抓住机会发展自己,不能仅仅依靠服装等低端行业。

【大事记】

●1982年《北京市建设总体规划方案》中首次提出“首都圈”概念。

●2004年京津冀地区经济发展战略研讨会召开,达成旨在推进“京津冀经济一体化”的“廊坊共识”。

●2004年商务部和京、津、冀等7省区市达成《环渤海区域合作框架协议》。

●2006年国家发改委开始编制《京津冀都市圈区域综合规划》。

●2011年国家“十二五”规划提出,“推进京津冀区域经济一体化发展,打造首都经济圈,推进河北沿海地区发展”。

●2013年习近平提出推动京津冀协同发展。

●2014年习近平对京津冀协同发展作出一系列指示。京津冀一体化被提到国家战略层面。

本版稿件采写/新京报记者金煜邓琦温薷饶沛见习记者郭永芳实习生袁鹏亚

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