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韩国海难284名失踪者被指“恐难生还”

2014-04-17 07:53:32   新京报

韩国海军已紧急派出由82人组成的海难救援队和由114人组成的海军特种作战旅等专业搜救队伍,对事发海域展开全方位搜救工作。但是,强烈的洋流和很低的能见度,阻碍了第一时间的救援。

据悉,事发海域的水深约为30米,浪高为0.5米,水温为11.7摄氏度。目前,搜救人员已在事发海域启动搜救工作,但他们只背着小型氧气瓶进行浅水搜救,加上搜救海域能见度仅为20厘米,流速达到每小时8公里,搜救工作面临巨大困难。

一名海上搜救专家对新京报记者表示,这样的条件下,搜救很困难。首先,水温11.7摄氏度已经很冷,人能够坚持的时间不会太长;第二,在海上能见度2米的时候都基本看不见,能见度20厘米就非常低了,很难发现目标;第三,8公里每小时的流速很强,如果乘客跳海的话肯定会被冲走,无力自己游泳或停留。

另外,30米水深也阻碍救援。一般水深12米以内,可以使用一般设备,更深就必须有专业潜水员和专门设备。

韩媒体称,针对水深超过30米海域的搜救工作还需等待海军两艘潜水艇营救船,它们将于17日凌晨抵达事发海域。

追问3 众多乘客为何失踪?

韩国媒体援引救援人员的话分析说,失事客轮是15日晚9时左右离开仁川港前往济州岛的,事故发生时是8点多钟,估计一些人仍在睡梦之中。

海警人士认为,事故发生后,船体短时间内迅速发生倾斜,很多被困在楼下商店、餐厅和娱乐场所的乘客恐怕很难逃生。

另外,出事客轮高达数层,船内结构复杂,仓促间很难找到逃生通道,可能也是导致众多人员未能脱困的一大原因。还有获救乘客说,事故发生后船舱内断电,很多门无法开启。据新华社电

追问4 失踪者能否生还?

如果船沉没得过快,逃生又组织不力的话,很多人会随船一起沉没。

韩媒体称,韩国海军和海警的搜救人员于当天下午5时许进入船舱内进行搜救。

一名海上搜救专家对新京报记者说,理论上,船沉没后,船上仍可能有密闭空间供人存活。但水下温度低,空气也少,所以人存活时间一般很短。如时隔几个小时之后再进入船舱搜救,基本难以发现幸存者。 

获救的乘客回忆称,客轮出事后,他们接到通知,让他们不要乱动。上述海上搜救专家说,一般来说,船只遇险时,如果沉没很快,相对来说,跳海生还可能性大一些。如果沉没不那么快,往往是留在船上的乘客坚持到了最后,“我们搜救的时候,往往是在船上的乘客,最后都获救了。”

能成为乘客生存保障的,还有救生设备。

根据国际海事组织的规定,客轮配备的救生设备要达到载员两倍,也就是一艘载员900人的客轮,救生设备要有1800件,分别放置于船两侧。如果左右两舷有一侧出现问题,另一侧还可以使用。韩国作为中等发达国家,客轮救生设备不会太差,但事发时是否及时动用了这些设备,目前还不得而知。

采写(除署名外)/新京报记者储信艳

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