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宜信坏账迷雾 被指存“非法集资”嫌疑

2014-04-15 14:51:58   新京报

质疑集中于非法集资和资金池

成立8年以来,唐宁创造出的债权转让模式在解决了众多融资难题之外,也受到颇多质疑。这种方式是否涉嫌“非法集资”?是否会形成资金池?但现实是,目前对P2P行业的监管仍然缺位,宜信在质疑中前行。

目前围绕“宜信模式”的争议主要集中在两个方面,一是宜信的债权转让方式是否涉嫌“非法集资”?二是债权转让多对多的模式是否有风险,是否会形成资金池以赚取利差?

按照《合同法》以及最高法的司法解释,自然人可以作为主体去放贷,民间借贷超过银行同期利率4倍的部分才不受法律保护。也就是说,宜信公司去放贷是违法的,但唐宁个人作为放贷主体并不违法。

但宜信公司赚的钱和唐宁个人放贷的钱如何转换,如何入账和出账,宜信从未对外透露过。有人戏称,唐宁是中国目前累计放贷额度最大的个人。

前央行副行长吴晓灵去年曾公开表示,一些公司采用自然人给人贷款,再将贷款卖给自然人以吸收资金,承诺在一定期限内还本付息,这种模式,恰恰是最高法院对于非法集资的定义。市场普遍认为,这里指的就是宜信模式。

唐宁则认为债权转让模式提高了投资人与借款人的效率。“债权转让模式,既方便借款人,可以很快获得资金,又方便出借人,省去与借款人直接对接的手续。”唐宁在接受采访时说。

此外,多对多的债权关系也被认为蕴藏资金池风险。

林云向记者表示,她曾经拿10万元去宜信投标,最后债权列表所对应的借款人有22个,也就是说她的10万元借给了22个人,平均每个人不足5000元。而这些借款人也有很多个“债主”,形成了多对多的债权关系。

在这复杂的债权关系背后,宜信是否形成资金池,并通过期限错配赚取利差?

点融网创始人郭宇航解释说,所谓资金池是先把钱募来,借款人在哪里不知道,承诺10%、20%的回报,然后再把钱募出去。这种模式下,募来的钱不放出去就是产生了成本,平台会有放贷的冲动,把钱放给更危险、更高危的人群,使得不应该发生的风险而发生了。

据了解,宜信给投资人两种选择,一是通过宜信平台投资人与借款人直接交易,一是宜信已经打包好的债权转让。宜信内部人士称,出借人和借款人直接交易的仅是少数。多数情况下,宜信促成的是债权转让。

另一P2P平台创始人告诉记者,P2P的核心特质是用户自己选择投资标的,参与整个投资过程风险甄别,进而自己承担投资风险,但这一过程在线下P2P模式中被极大地模糊。虽然法律意义上是由宜信推荐债权合同,客户有选择权,但是打包组合这种形式,实际上客户没有选择只能接受,并且背后借贷关系是否一一对应很难查证。

但唐宁一再表示,在这个模式中不存在任何期限错配或者承诺收益、承诺本金的情况。一定是投资人从出借人那买了一个已经生成的债权,债权是多长时间就买了多长时间,每一次的款项是完全一一对应的。这种模式,也没有资金池,所以投资人经常都要等待合适的借款人。

中国小额信贷联盟理事长杜晓山认为,对于宜信P2P模式究竟有没有违规,外人不好判断,只能交给监管方。

但目前对P2P行业的监管仍然缺位,上周,银监会副主席阎庆民在博鳌称,今后将由银监会牵头来承担对P2P监管的研究,但目前还没有具体的方案。

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