现在,按照美媒的说法,弹道导弹依然是依托在大陆的发射阵地上,只不过把对海防御的纵深向前推到了上千公里而已。从本质上来说,它依然是属于岸防兵器。也就是说,反航母的弹道导弹是一个纯粹的防御性武器。而航母本身,却是一个纯粹的进攻性武器。(图片为西方媒体认为具有反舰弹道导弹能力的武器) 如果用一个形象的比喻来说,航母可能相当于主人养的一条恶狗,这条恶狗可以在世界范围内到处咬人。而反航母的导弹,也就是所谓的“航母杀手”,实际上不过是相当于一个打狗棍--这个打狗棍可以把恶狗驱离自己的家园,但不可以打到别人的家里去。 反舰弹道导弹通常被认为是一种全新的武器,其实并非如此。对弹道导弹自身来说,要打击水面舰艇之类的活动目标主要有两个问题需要解决:一是导弹制导,解决目标脱离瞄准点的问题,要做到能及时发现、跟踪目标;二是导弹控制,要确保准确命中被锁定的目标。 1984年服役的美国"潘兴"-2型中程弹道导弹采用雷达地形匹配制导,与反舰弹道导弹同样需要应用末端精确制导和再入机动飞行技术,两者不过在应用技术的类型上有所区别。在1999年建国50周年大阅兵中出现的安装了控制弹翼的精确制导战术弹道导弹则向我们正式展示了此项成就。该导弹几乎具备反舰弹道导弹的一切基本技术,包括能配合机动再入技术的控制系统(气动舵和舵机系统)、雷达系统(包括电源)。它的末段飞行轨迹,也是在20-30千米高度弹头拉起平飞,然后转入俯冲以最大半径200米的螺旋弹道方式扫描分析地面景像,在数秒内完成末导寻的区域识别功能,控制弹头以极高的精度命中目标。
2014年1月12日,疑似东风21D反舰弹道导弹试射照片曝光,从画面上看,该弹的弹头部分采用长锥形结构,弹体有调姿喷口系统 ,可能用于末端制导和大机动突防。这也是东风21A和东风21B导弹之后首次曝光其最近发展型号的试射。 中国航天科工集团四部副总指挥王根彬在公开刊物发表文章称:“我国固体导弹从无到有,研制队伍也从小到大,这支队伍靠两弹一星精神,航天传统精神,研制出了我国第一代固体导弹,随后从1988年至今20年时间,国家仅投入了30亿元研制费,先后研制成功东风二十一号甲、乙、丙、丁4个型号,完成了从核到核常兼顾,攻击固定目标到攻击慢速活动目标的转变,精度实现了ccp从几百米再到几十米的进步,真正形成了型号系列化,满足了二炮部队在新时期“担负遏制他国对中国使用核武器,遂行核反击和常规导弹精确打击任务。”为国家做出了重要贡献。这支队伍胜不骄,败不馁,艰苦奋斗,走的是一条多快好省的发展之路”。
图片为东风-21B导弹发射试验,东风-21B又称为东风-21乙弹,请注意其弹头与21D明显不同。美国对中国反舰弹道导弹的研究颇深,他们对中国反舰弹道导弹的发展“如数家珍”,美国的研究机构认为,1996年,中国的DF21A获得了最初的战力,中国二炮部队向台湾近海发射了DF15弹道导弹。美国被警告未来将面临弹道导弹威胁。 1997-2002年,中国公开有关中国反舰弹道导弹(ASBM)概念资料。1999年,第一艘神舟飞船发射,证明了中国的轨道机动技术。解放军国防大学出版了反舰弹道导弹的概念资料。2002年,有限的中国反舰弹道导弹资料公开出版。2003年,二炮公开了反舰弹道导弹的可行性研究资料。
图集详解:
2014年1月12日,疑似东风21D反舰弹道导弹试射照片曝光,从画面上看,该弹的弹头部分采用长锥形结构,弹体有调姿喷口系统 ,可能用于末端制导和大机动突防。这也是东风21A和东风21B导弹之后首次曝光其最近发展型号的试射。
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