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航班正点率还能再高些吗?

2015-03-10 14:06:33   光明网

航班正点率到底有多少?全国政协委员、航空运输协会理事长李军说,2014年,我国民航航班正点率为68%,比上一年的72%有所降低。

国内航班的正点率一直是公众吐槽的对象,各种违法“机闹”几乎也多是以晚点为肇因。航班正点率成为热点议题,无非两个原因:一是晚点现象过于频仍,二是坐飞机已成为中国人出行的常态选择。

尽管中国民用航空局局长李家祥强调,中国民用航空安全是平稳的,联合国、民航组织统计,中国民用航空各项指标的平均指数,好于世界平均水平的10倍;但显然,在安全之外,公众更关切航班正点率问题。68%的正点率,这个数字,恐怕未必能理直气壮说活该如此。更重要的一个背景是:权威数据称,中国人均年乘机次数2011年达到0.2次,比2002年的0.07次增长近3倍,比1978年提高了100倍。《国务院关于促进民航业发展的若干意见》也提出,2020年力争使年运输总周转量达到1700亿吨公里,年均增长12.2%,全国人均乘机次数达到0.5次。在产业链或生活方式中,一旦航空运输成为重要部分,正点率必然对应着经济上的效率与效益,对应着日常生活节奏安排。

有人说,航班正点率降低,与中国航班数量激增大有关系。“中国作为新兴航空市场,2007年航班总量为167.2万班次,航班正点率达到了83.19%;而6年间,航班总量则以平均每年10%左右速度递增。因航班增加较快,而机场有限和相关设施不足,到2012年航班正点率已逐步下降到了74.83%。”这样的说辞,也非全无道理。不过,下面这组数据,恐怕就很难支撑“正点率与航班数量之间的反比关系”。航空数据服务商OAG最新报告称,2014年拉脱维亚的低成本航空公司波罗的海航空总体正点率最高,达到94.9%;且2014年正点率表现最好的航空公司多集中在欧洲,前20名中有13家位于欧洲,5家位于亚太地区,2家位于美国。可见,飞机起降的频次,和能不能尽量做到正点抵达之间,没有必然的“充要条件式”关系。

解决中国航班的晚点问题,无非两条路径:一则,向航空公司与空港地面等管理要效率。从航班编排、运力配置、运行规范、运行监控等方面,落实《做好航班正常工作若干规定》,提高航班飞行正常性。譬如在今年的全国两会上,全国人大代表李东生就建议“少用摆渡车”,提高正点率。二则,还是深化空域管理体制改革。正如李军所言,“旧的空域管理体制影响了民航业的发展,直接影响了航班正常率,到了'不改不行,非改不可'的地步。”好在2015年,国家空管委将在全国推开低空空域管理改革。民航局也将加强通用航空管理机构建设,统筹行业资源,探讨大通航管理模式,制定通用航空发展“十三五”规划,开展通用航空综合改革试点。

“晚点是命,正点是运。”中国民航航班的正点率,恐怕不能用“关舱门还是撤轮挡”等统计上的花活来拯救。在“互联网+”概念从政府工作报告走向产业理念的今天,民航正点率不仅仅是个民生议题。眼下,这个68%的正点率,起码仍大可作为、大有作为!

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