社会
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China

救援队伍职业化不容再等

2015-01-04 13:36:57   光明网

1月2日13时许,哈尔滨道外区北方南勋陶瓷大市场仓库着火,“火烧连营”持续了二十多个小时,造成11层高的建筑坍塌,5名消防员牺牲、14人受伤。

新年伊始出现这样的大火,已然让节日蒙上一层阴霾。而5名90后消防员的牺牲,更是再次让人对于呼吁已久的“消防队伍职业化”的进展缓慢,表示失望与痛心。

梳理近年来的消防员牺牲案例可知,他们已经普遍呈现出一种高牺牲率与年轻化的倾向。特别是近年来的几起事件中,牺牲的消防员普遍为90后。此前有媒体报道称,据公安部统计,2013年以来全国发生的10起较大火灾中,有20多名消防员牺牲,2008年至2012年的5年间,牺牲在一线的消防人员超过140人,他们的平均年龄只有24岁。相比之下,美国牺牲消防官兵中位年龄达到了49岁。

与消防员的高风险所对应的,正是消防队伍的职业化不足的现实。我国目前的消防实行的是现役军人制,一名普通消防员从进入部队到接受培训、积累经验只有两年时间。而随着业务的熟练,又马上面临退伍,消防能力与经验一次次“从零开始”。甚至造成每年年底义务兵退役期间,出现消防部队战斗力最弱的“时间窗口”。这样一种消防队伍建制之下,消防队伍的职业素养与风险,可想而知。

消防员职业化声音的出现,自2003年衡阳大火以来就不断强化,但这一改革迟迟难见行动,除了现役军人制在培养成本上的优势,更与消防观念的滞后密切相关。一方面,在成本的算计上,往往只注重物质成本,而忽视了对于“人”的价值的估算。而在以人为本的价值观之下,消防员的高牺牲率理应被视为是最大的成本。与此同时,片面注重设备的更新,而不注重消防员个人素养的培育与经验的积累,也是一个重要表现。另一方面,现役军人制之所以受到青睐,还与一种长期以来认为消防救火只是“拼英雄主义与个人勇气”的传统落后安全观有关。因此,要推进消防队伍的职业化,首先务必祛除以上观念方面的误区与阻力。

应该看到,随着城市规模与楼层高度的提升,社会对于高效的消防需求已经越来越大,消防早已进入到一个讲究专业化、职业化、科学化的领域,否则,不但容易导致消防员的高风险,也会令消防救援效率难以提升。这早已在国际方面得到证明。譬如,在挪威奥斯陆消防队,消防员正式工作前要通过体能、技能、理论、心理等9个方面测试和1年培训,这使得在长达70年的时间里,没有一名消防员殉职。实行职业化消防体制,灭火救援经验也因此得以积累和传承;在美国,消防部门已将消防科学技术当作一门应用科学,非常重视移植其他部门的科研成果为消防部门所用,并在消防员培训里更新这些内容。

此外,我国当前整个应急救援队伍的单一化,甚至片面依赖消防员的现状,也愈发与专业化的救援需求相脱节。这从“救火的是消防员,开锁的是消防员,取马蜂窝的还是消防员……”的调侃中即可见一斑。事实上,随着社会救援需求和各种救援形势复杂程度的增加,社会对于救援工作的多元化和专业性也提出了更高的要求。在这样的背景下,军队的统一式救援培训体系难免失其灵活,在救援中出现无计可施的尴尬就会加剧,同时救援人员所面对的危险系数也在提高。反观国外,如日本,高度立体化的救援体系就包括消防、警察、环保、交通以及NGO组织等各层次的救援力量。

从大的灾难到小的个案如火灾,公众对于专业救援力量的渴求,体现出的是社会对于生命珍视程度的提高--不管是被救援者,还是救援者,他们的生命都应该得到同等程度的尊重与保障。从这个意义上讲,推进包括消防员在内的救援队伍的职业化,加速专业救援力量的培育,跟上社会对于生命尊重程度提高的步伐,已不容再等。

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11110423/20150104/19171271.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/01/05 02:48:07

Powered by China
China