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核武开路!苏军“8天攻占欧洲”演习令北约胆寒

2017-09-21 09:02:17   国际在线

这场演习在战略上完全实现了苏联的目的——西方观察家们沮丧地发现,欧洲的北约军队完全无法抵抗苏军及华约如此强大的攻势,只能寄希望于大西洋对岸的美国,祈祷美国援军能在苏军横扫欧洲大陆之前抢先登陆。然而“不幸的是,西欧距离美国很远,远到隔着大西洋;更为不幸的是,西欧距离苏联很近,近到眼皮子底下”。华约不管是在实力上还是在地形上都占有绝对的优势,美国观察员在演习结束后也不得不承认:“可能当美军增援刚走到半路,西欧的战事就结束了,俄国人将站在大西洋岸边等着我们。”

“西方-81”演习反映的华约大军“8天从(东德)易北河冲到英吉利海峡”的能力,迫使北约军事专家开始以此为假想背景重新规划防御和反突击。“西方-81”演习后,美国立即组成专门班子来研究苏联的军事改革,将其称为“奥加尔科夫革命”,并由此在美军内部开始了军事革新。1991年,这种以信息技术为核心的新军事革命在海湾战争中获得肯定。

苏联则以“西方-81”演习为契机,开始批量生产T-80坦克,加强苏-27和米格-29战斗机的研制,同时积极扩张“礼炮”型空间站的军事用途,大甲板航母工程一路绿灯。1982年,苏军又一鼓作气地组织了7小时的“西方-82”全面核战争演习,展示苏联打赢全面核战争的能力,苏联军力达到历史顶峰。但苏联武装力量并没有按照奥加尔科夫所期待的那样,迈向彻底的体制编制改革,信息化改造没有受到军方和政府的重视。戈尔巴乔夫上台后,奥尔加科夫离开总参谋中枢,他倡导的军事改革无疾而终。建立在穷兵黩武基础上的军事优势,很快也随着苏联国力的衰落而成为“昨日黄花”。

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