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墨西哥中部地区发生7.1级地震 目前已致217人死亡
中国驻墨西哥使馆官员表示,墨西哥城市中心一座写字楼因地震倒塌,至少5名台胞被困。
这次地震事发当天,正是1985年墨西哥城大地震32周年纪念日。32年前的这一天,墨西哥西南岸外太平洋底发生8.1级强震,近万人丧生。9月19日因此也被称为“墨西哥城最悲惨的一天”。
此后,每年的9月19日被墨西哥政府定为全国防灾减灾日,当天会在各地进行规模庞大的地震疏散演习。就在地震发生前两小时,墨西哥城刚刚组织了一次全民防震演练。没想到,演练很快变成了实战。有市民表示,多亏今天的演练让她熟悉疏散通道而因此逃生。
墨西哥位于多个板块交会处,是全世界主要地震高发区之一。2008年至今,墨西哥所发生的地震,级数在5级以上的约有80多次。对于首都墨西哥城来说,除了地理位置,还有其他因素。
墨西哥有一首广为流传的民歌:“瓜达拉哈拉城建在平原上,墨西哥城建在一个湖心中……”墨西哥城原本是建于湖泊沉积而成的封闭式盆地之上,南北两边是火山岩,疏松的湖积层地基放大了地震波,加之该市地下水长期被过度开采——全市1800万人口和16万家工厂,90%的用水取之地下。美国著名地学专家斯纳教授形象地说:“墨西哥城是在‘一个碗中装上果冻’那样的地基上建造起来的大城市。中国地震台网中心研究员孙士鋐也赞同这种说法。
孙士鋐分析:“墨西哥城发生强震的可能性比较低,但由于墨西哥城建立在一个松软的沼式地的地方,所以即便是别的地方发生地震,也对它会起到一种增强的效应。实际上,对墨西哥城造成较重灾难的地震都是在离墨西哥城大约200到300公里的地方,二三百公里以外一般不会受到很大破坏,但由于墨西哥城建在一个比较松软的地基上,所以二三百公里以外的地震对它有一个放大作用,从而造成很大损失。”
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