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武汉出台低收入家庭认定新标准 盘点各国低收入家庭福利

2017-09-19 16:19:16   央广网

据纽约华尔街多媒体记者赵冰晶的介绍:“美国各个州对于低收入者的定义都不同,比如在密苏里州,对于单身家庭而言,月收入低于1064美元算为低收入人群;对于两人家庭而言,月收入低于1427美元可以归纳为低收入人群;而对于三人家庭而言,这个数字要提高到1789美元,每增加一个家庭成员这个数字大约要增加363美金左右。对于低收入人群而言,首先要解决的就是温饱问题,所以符合低收入的美国公民或者绿卡持有者可以向政府申请食品券。如果人口不同,家庭每个月可以获得的食品券最高金额不同,单身家庭每个月可以获得155美金的食品券;两人家庭是284美金;而三人家庭是408美元。这种食品券就像一张不可以透支的银行卡,政府每个月把钱打到卡当中,而持卡人只能够在商店购买面包、水果、蔬菜、肉类、鱼类、奶类等必需物品,不能用于消费烟酒等其他生活用品。除了食品券,低收入家庭还可以享受一些租金补贴。美国政府规定享受租金补贴的对象包括低收入的家庭、62岁以上的孤寡老人、残疾人士等。美国对于低收入家庭住房的资助方法具体而言就是联邦政府把这种专项的资金拨放给地方的公共住房管理部门,一种是为低收入家庭提供廉价的政府公寓租房;还有一种是为他们提供租金补贴,这样他们可以用于在私营的房地产市场上租房。”

  德国:月收入低于1000欧元为低收入家庭 政府福利、减少税收

据德国媒体去年的报道,月收入在1000欧元以下的通常被认为是低收入家庭,除了政府发放福利,德国也通过对低收入家庭减少税收来减轻家庭负担。对于高收入家庭而言,税收金额相当多。据中新社驻德国记者彭大伟介绍,德国对于低收入家庭的界定会考虑到家庭成员的人数、年龄和身体状况等,“对于失业者,在失业的第一年可以申领到每个月大约889欧元的税后失业金,这是2014年的水平;但是假如你第二年仍然没有找到工作,只能申领被称为‘哈茨4’的第二类失业金,目前的水平为每个月409欧元。其次在住房方面,德国的经济适用房和廉租房等是安排给低收入者或者符合各种社会救助条件的人居住,但遗憾的是目前这种房屋供不应求,在柏林等大城市街头无家可归者并不少见。除此之外,符合社会救助条件的人在使用公共设施比如付费的公园、泳池、博物馆、美术馆等的时候都可以享受到票价方面的折扣。最后,德国作为世界上福利最完备的国家之一,不管低收入者还是高收入者在医疗就业和就学方面都享受非常高的福利标准,一视同仁。”

 俄罗斯:莫斯科三口之家月收入低于5250元人民币为低收入家庭 现金补偿、物质福利

张舜衡介绍,低收入家庭在俄罗斯可享受到方方面面的福利,“政府对于低收入家庭的福利主要包括现金补偿、物质福利,比如必要的衣物,鞋类,药品,日常生活必需品,住房和公共物业补贴;支付在怀孕和哺乳期的母亲用于购买食品和维生素的资金;对于儿童,有新生儿分娩津贴,18岁以下儿童的津贴按月支付,如果父母中有一方是军人,津贴翻一倍半。书本教材、运动服装和学校用品的支出全部由社会保障机构承担。如果父亲是军人,三岁以下孩子的母亲可以一次性获得1万卢布的津贴,约合1135元人民币。所有低收入家庭的子女都可以免费乘坐公共交通工具,政府发放2岁以下儿童的乳制品,3岁以下儿童的药品。除了基本生活,有需要的家庭还有权利获得免费旅行。对于住房环境不符合最低标准的家庭,可以申请改善住房。在法律保障方面,除了可以免费咨询,还有免费律师可以协助上法庭维权。”

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