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清宫戏里的这些称呼都错了

2017-09-14 17:16:43   中国青年网

旗人的家庭称谓,在清初主要还是用满语,到了清中期之后,跟汉式贵族的称谓进行了一些合流,又在一定程度上保持了一些旗人的特点,这里主要说一下满式称谓和汉式不一样的地方。

对于父亲,晚清之前一般都用满语叫为“阿玛”,晚清则有叫“爸爸”、“老爸”的,不过传统家族还是叫“阿玛”为主。对于母亲,清初一般用满语叫为“额捏”,清中后期开始叫“奶奶”、“额娘”,个别人家还叫“阿家”等,但是您千万别叫嫡母为“娘”,因为在清代旗人家中,“娘”这个字要么是称呼父亲的妾室的,要么就是称呼仆妇的。

而对于庶母,则要看家里的习惯,有的叫“某奶奶”,有的叫“某娘”,有的叫“姨”,不一而足。

其他的亲属,祖父用满语称为“玛法”,晚清也叫“爷爷”。祖母在清初用满语称为“妈妈”,清中期以来一般都称为“太太”。伯父在清初用满语称为“阿穆吉”,清中期以来一般都称为“某大爷”[ “爷”字读轻声。],如二伯父,即是“二大爷”。伯父的配偶伯母,在清初用满语称为“阿穆”。

叔父在清初用满语称为“额齐克”,清中期以来一般都称为“某叔叔”或“某爹”,如三叔父,便称为“三叔叔”或“三爹”[ 从晚清的记录看来,旗人社会里“爹”这个称呼,既可以用来称呼叔父,也可以用来称呼伯父。],叔父的配偶叔母,在清初用满语称为“欧克”,清中期以来一般都称为“某婶儿”。

至于姑姑,在清初用满语称为“姑”[ 满语中的姑姑一词即“gu”。],清中期以来一般都称为“某姑姑”或“某姑爸”。这也是晚清“女以男论”的影响。至于姑姑的丈夫姑父,则称为“姑父”或“姑爷”。

《清朝穿越指南》

作者:橘玄雅

出版社:重庆出版社

出版时间:2017年7月

定价:45.00

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