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开学季“学校恐惧症”患者急增 最小者只有两三岁

2017-09-13 19:21:24   央广网

杨磊的母亲林女士起初并没有特别重视,“只当孩子是间歇性有些压力,偶尔不想上学,也是正常的。”她曾带孩子到儿童医院普通门诊做过检查,并没有查出异常。直到儿子的状况越发严重,她才意识到孩子的情绪出了问题。“在学校里他做什么事都提不起兴趣,也不想听课,不想吃饭,只想回家,很怕去学校……”

林女士告诉记者,她和老师曾一度尝试过对孩子进行劝慰,“但我觉得完全没有作用,家人也很着急,完全不知道要怎么办了。”

几经辗转,她带儿子在北京两家大型医院的心理卫生科进行全面检查,报告显示儿子罹患中度焦虑。

“她说妈妈我头疼,肚子疼,我身上不得劲,我以为是感冒,跟医生当感冒看,实际是精神因素,所以他就开始害怕去学校,去了之后就非常不开心。”在谈及孩子时,李雪言谈中不无悔恨。

“就像肿瘤一样,一开始是小细胞,后来就逐渐扩散,然后就出现各种情绪障碍,由量变到质变,情绪障碍里边最典型的是焦虑障碍,然后就是强迫症,然后是恐怖症,最后就是抑郁症。”

在静进看来,“学校恐惧症”更像是焦虑、抑郁等更严重的情绪障碍的一个信号

而这种信号如果没被足够重视,极可能引发更严重的后果。

“他(孩子)就感觉没意思了,体验不到什么叫快乐,表面上跟你嘻嘻哈哈,但好多真的是装出来的,结果就是导致厌学、恐惧症、抑郁,自残、自杀的特别多。”

  “漠视”是最大的“误诊”

按照世界卫生组织的调查,20%的青少年存在心理行为障碍,我国家早在1994年就做过大规模的调查,接近世卫组织的标准。

在静进看来,无论是“学校恐惧症”还是其他更严重的情绪障碍,与社会高速发展但心理干预滞后密不可分。“竞争加剧、压力大、加上父母太忙,跟孩子之间的沟通越来越少,……,这些复杂的因素交织在一起,就对儿童个体和群体的精神疾病触发起到一个推波助澜的作用。而且,儿童运动场所很少,因为运动量越大,情绪病的发病率就会相应下降,但现在孩子都不敢出去,待的时间越长,她心里孤独、无奈等情绪就会越来越多。”

而根据记者调查,“学校恐惧症”患者除了在数量上增多外,患病年龄区间也在扩大,上至高校学生,而最小的在两三岁左右接受早教时已经显现。

而更令众多青少年心理医生担心的,是家长、学校对这种”病症“的“漠视”。“父母不知道,普通儿科医生也不知道,家长又不愿意找精神科的,所以这个群体就一直在灰色地带游离,但专业医生又特别少,引起误诊漏诊,问题被拖延下来,隐形化,到某一个节点上就会出现质变,严重的引发精神障碍,攻击他人等各种各样的精神问题。”

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