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全球在消除贫困和抗击疾病方面成效显著
2017-09-13 17:21:30 中国经济网
经济日报-中国经济网9月13日讯(记者陈颐)比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会9月13日发布一份新的年度报告,展示过去几十年中全球在减少极端贫困和抗击疾病方面取得的显著进步,但同时也向全世界发出警示,未来进展正面临威胁。
这份题为《目标守卫者:数据背后的故事》的报告由比尔和梅琳达·盖茨共同撰写,并与华盛顿大学的健康指标和评估研究所合作出版。报告展示了贫困国家在一些最紧迫问题上取得的进展,并利用突破性的数据预测方法提供了最佳和最差情景分析——两种情景下将有数百万人面临截然不同的命运。
报告选取了联合国可持续发展目标(又称全球目标)中的18个指标进行追踪,其中包括儿童和孕产妇死亡率、发育迟缓、避孕用品可及性、全民健康覆盖、艾滋病毒、疟疾、极端贫困、普惠金融和环境卫生。除了数据分析之外,报告还讲述了成绩背后的故事,明确是哪些领袖、方式或创新推动了这些进步的取得。
报告还选取了六位代表性人物,以他们的亲身经历和相关数据介绍了全球在过去几十年取得的巨大进展,例如极端贫困人口减半、儿童死亡人数减半、艾滋病相关死亡人数和孕产妇死亡人数减少近一半,等等。但报告同时指出,目前挑战依然严峻,比如各国之间的发展极不均衡,未来进展能否持续仍是未知数。
报告还通过图表展示了对未来的预测,对每项指标到2030年的情况给出了三种可能的结果。第一种情景是,如果我们继续保持现有路径和投入,会有什么样的结果;另外两种则是更好和更差的情景:如果在相关领域有强有力的领导、创新的解决方案和充分的投入,结果将会如何;如果我们对这些问题的关注和投入都减少,结果又会如何。例如,如果将全球艾滋病防控资金逐年削减10%,到2030年可能会使额外的500多万人失去生命。
在引言中,比尔和梅琳达·盖茨表达了他们的担忧,一些国家工作重点的改变、局势不稳定以及潜在的预算削减将导致全球偏离既定承诺,危及2030年可持续发展目标的实现。
“在这份报告发表的同时,对发展的承诺在全球范围内面临着比以往更多的怀疑”,比尔和梅琳达在报告中写到,“无论是从正义的角度,还是从建设一个更加安全稳定的世界的角度来看:发展问题都值得我们关注。”
从今年开始到2030年,在每年全球领导人齐聚纽约参加联合国大会之际,比尔和梅琳达·盖茨都将发布一份《目标守卫者》报告。2015年,全球领导人共同承诺实现消除极端贫困和抗击不平等现象等全球目标。《目标守卫者》围绕这些目标之下的细分指标,聚焦一系列最佳实践,号召盖茨基金会、广大合作伙伴及全球领导人共同践行承诺。报告不仅要记录哪些做法行得通,也会指出有待改进之处。
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