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大连理工大迎13岁大学新生 盘点各国如何看待神童教育

2017-09-07 13:57:02   央广网

再看美国,在美国,有关“神童”的报道,每年都屡见不鲜。比如,2015年有11岁的男孩只用一年时间从大学毕业;2016年,12岁男孩入读常春藤名校等。美国的大学在选拔所谓的“神童”时不光看孩子的考试分数。他们会用多种衡量手段去寻找不同才能的天赋孩子,用变化的眼光去看待孩子在成熟过程中的兴趣变化和发展,从发展的角度去发现孩子尚未显露的潜能。美国高校本身并不强调千篇一律的教育,因而在学业上,年龄小的学生不会感到有什么特殊之处。在生活上,学生若有特别需求,学校也会酌情考虑。

在澳大利亚,据澳大利亚观察员胡方介绍,澳大利亚对于孩子跳级的规定相对宽松,家长会在综合考虑之后,作出跳级或不跳级的决定。

澳大利亚对于不同学习能力的孩子还是很注重因材施教的,比如在澳大利亚如果一些孩子的学习潜力或者水平明显超出同龄人的水平,他们是被允许申请跳级的。跳级一般分为几种:一种是对于学龄前的儿童如果能力出众可以跳过学前班直接进入小学的一年级,或者在此后的学习过程当中,孩子的才能得以显露,他可以跳过一两个年级插班入学,并且最终提前进入大学。而对于单科成绩特别出众的孩子,澳大利亚也可以保持年级不变,但是在这个科目上面单科跳级,比如有些孩子理科特别卓越,但是文科处于正常水平,这样的孩子一般会被做出年级不变但是像数理化一类的课程单独进行提前教学。不过澳大利亚并没有特别的针对全市低于平均年龄集中在一起上课的“神童”班。所有的跳级学生其实还是跟着其他的同学一起上课的,所以在跳级读书的时候,很多家长也会考虑到孩子和普遍比自己大很多的同学一起上课对于孩子本身的心智发展是否有好处这个问题,在一些真实遇到类似问题的家庭当中,选择让孩子提前完成课程和维持正常年龄应该在的年级的两种做法都有,家长并没有一边倒的选择让孩子提早完成学业。

胡方还表示,澳大利亚家长不会以孩子上学早为荣,相反不介意让孩子晚入学。

实际上对于很多澳大利亚的家长来说,与其让孩子早读书不如让孩子晚读书。因为澳大利亚的家长有一个观点就是虽然学习成绩是孩子成长的一部分,但是培养孩子的领导能力和团队协作能力,融入同龄人当中去,也是孩子成长当中非常重要的一环。在一个正常年龄的班级,甚至比班级里的其他的孩子略微大个半岁左右,对于孩子领导力的培养其实非常重要。当然澳大利亚很多学校也有命名为“天才班”的班级,一些小学会专门开设天赋和才能班。这种班会选择天赋高于平均值的学生以及才能高于平均值的学生,这种班选拔的不单单是学习成绩和知识水平高于同龄人的孩子,而是在智力、创造力、社交能力、身体灵活度等四个方面或某一方面有突出表现的孩子,学校会把这样的孩子集中在一起教学,但是从年级的划分来看这些班的孩子并不会做出整体跳级的处理,他们仍然会按照自己所在的年级按部就班的读下去,只是在同一个课程大纲的基础上学的更深入、更透彻。所以从某个角度来看,这种“天才班”其实类似于像中国国内某些学校的重点班,而不是专门为了培养跳级“神童”而设的少年特色班。

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