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联想寒冬:主营业务全线衰退 第一财季净亏7200万美元

2017-09-07 12:06:48   中国经济网

财报数据显示,从2014到2016财年,联想集团的研发费用仅12.21亿美元、14.91亿美元、13.62亿美元,占收入的比例分别为2.64%、3.32%、3.16%,据统计,这还是联想近十年来最高的研发支出占比。

相较于联想,华为在2015、2016年的研发费用分别为500亿元、764亿元,研发支出占比分别为12.8%、14.6%。据统计,过去十年,联想累计投入研发费用460亿元,少于华为2015年的500亿元。

财报数据显示,联想2017年第一财季研发费用同比下降18%至2.92亿美元,占营业收入比重为2.92%。但是,联想当期销售费用同比增加13%至6.65亿美元,占营业收入比重为6.64%,销售费用包含广告和宣传费用。

虽然联想增加了销售费用,削减了研发费用,但是联想第一财季存货仍同比上升18.91%至31.78亿美元,占资产比例37.07%。可以说,联想并没有因为增加宣传和广告费用而有效减少库存。

联想(中国)华北大区原市场总监史杰松告诉《中国新闻周刊》,联想集团有自己独特的文化,这种文化并不能被外部人士很好地理解。可以说,理解不了这种文化,就无法理解联想集团的发展轨迹。

“贸工技模式在联想集团发展初期是有用的,但是如今PC产能过剩,又遭到移动通讯产业打击,因此该产业正在处于衰落期……联想集团没有良好的技术研发基础,在我任职的时候,联想并没有很多独特的专利技术,很多联想产品都是OEM和ODM代工的,包括现在也是以品牌营销和渠道销售为主,核心技术缺失。”史杰松说。

“联想更像是一家贸易公司而不是创新公司。”中金证券分析师钱凯指出, “联想没有创新DNA。”

原因

8月18日,杨元庆在早间电话会议上对联想第一财季经营情况进行了总结:移动业务需在品牌、产品、组织和人才方面加强竞争力;数据中心业务应优化超大规模业务模式、引入新技术。

联想集团总裁兼首席运营官Gianfranco Lanci在会上将记忆卡供应不足作为经营成本上升的重要原因,他认为未来零部件价格上升趋势放缓,如果将成本转嫁至消费者,预期毛利率走势将会平稳。

在公开场合,杨元庆将PC亏损的部分原因归结为“芯片价格上涨”。“内存芯片成本上涨,全面削弱了主要业务的利润,如果客户以个人消费者为主,那么还可以将成本上涨的价格转移到最终价格上。不过对于联想来说,多数大客户的产品价格都已经被长期合同锁定,所以无法跟着内存一起涨价,最终也就造成了财报的亏损。”

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