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小小工作室 解了大难题

2017-09-07 06:31:51   中国青年网

煤机掘进时,粉尘飞舞,让人睁不开眼睛。为控制掘进工作面粉尘,矿工一直采用钻头注水打孔,每台钻枪每小时耗费两吨水,注水溢出后流到地面,虽能抑制大部分粉尘,但造成了水资源浪费和工作面大量积水。大家集思广益,在钻枪前部安装了钻孔水循环装置,这样钻枪不仅可以使用循环水,还可以把使用后的水收集到水箱,再由泥浆泵供给钻枪,有效降低了巷道内排水压力和煤泥外溢现象,提升了掘进工作面标准化水平,每月节约近万元生产投入。针对煤体注水采取封孔器封孔、聚氨酯封孔不易实现长期间断性注水,且操作复杂,成本较高,一线员工和技术员一道到现场反复试验后,采取泥浆封孔工艺,有效缩短了封孔时间,减少了漏水现象,降低了生产成本。

塔山矿原煤注水前平均含水量为1.65%,注水后增加2.35%,落煤后煤体已湿润,在装载、运输、提升到地面等过程中均具有一定连续降尘作用。综采、掘进工作面初始全尘浓度最高达到487.1mg/m

3,呼吸尘浓度达到282.7mg/m3;现在全尘浓度为73.78mg/m3,下降幅度为85%,呼吸尘浓度达到33.62mg/m3,下降88%。实践表明,该注水防尘技术用于大采、高综采放顶煤开采切实可行,为同类条件矿井生产提供了技术支持。

16项目创效千万元

工作室现有专职技术员10人,他们积极开展“一对一”导师带徒活动。工作室虽空间狭小但限制不住成员的头脑风暴,大家把讨论地点扩大到小会议室、班组办公室、生产工作现场。有时曹伟甚至把办公室当成教室,利用工作闲暇之余或加班为年轻成员辅导。通过这样灵活的合作方式,成员在繁忙的日常工作和职创研究之间找到了平衡点。他们把研究中的问题带进了生产班组,许多班员、同事也在耳濡目染中变成了职创积极分子,七嘴八舌提出看法和建议。

在塔山矿工作面巷道内,可以看到多道PPR水幕,这也是工作室的“杰作”,这些看似简单的水幕,达到了很强的空气净化效果。工作室还在巷口及工作面安装了固定式软体捕尘网,将巷道内的浮游粉尘拦截在网内,使用湿式喷浆机喷浆,从源头降低产尘量。

除在源头上减少粉尘外,工作室还考虑到矿区人员的安全疏散问题。塔山矿是高瓦斯矿井,目前有3个盘区,每个盘区有一条专用回风巷,回风巷内有排水、巡巷等作业人员,矿工的生命安全有可能因为矿井主扇的停运受到威胁。因此,工作室以二盘区回风巷为试点,建立回风巷安全报警系统,用以提高塔山矿安全事故预控能力,防止伤亡事故发生。另外,塔山矿地面静压水储水仓由于离人员较远,容易产生缺水和溢水现象,用水增大时静压水仓水位下降不能及时发现,也会影响矿井安全生产。为解决静压水储水仓水位报警问题,工作室利用水的导电原理,自制了水位显示仪,工作人员在值班室就可以察看现场水位及监测水量变化,方便高效。

两年来,工作室先后制定了《粉尘防治工作室师带徒工作制度》《粉尘防治工作室活动制度》《粉尘防治工作室考核办法》等各项规章制度,组建了煤体注水工艺优化等4个科研小组,完成了综采工作面支架喷雾改造、掘进环形全断面喷雾、红外线、粉尘传感、定时联动水幕喷雾降尘装置等16项创新项目,其投入使用有效降低了矿井的粉尘浓度,累计创效1000多万元。

本报记者 沈佳 本报通讯员 耿倩 谷小虎

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