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社会存在与文化自信

2017-09-06 06:21:58   中国青年网

从广义的文化自信的视角看,支撑文化自信的现实存在一般表现为物质存在和精神存在两个方面,若以上述形成自信的逻辑看,物质存在对文化自信的作用力更优于精神存在。故而,文化自信的根本就在于:人所把握的物质存在是否表达了人类文化的类的意义。亦即,某一族类在物质文化的掌控上是否居于先进生产力的前端。如果是,这一族类即处于文化自信的自觉阶段。

现实维度与历史维度是一对矛盾关系。当历史存在与现实存在相一致时,历史存在对文化自信起着正向作用和推进作用,否则,就会不起作用或者起反作用。

从理想维度看,人们关于未来的理想是文化自信的旗帜和标杆,它重塑自信,并导引自信。 理想从表象看是人们对未来的憧憬,是主观确定性的延展形式,但从本质看,理想则是建立在对宇宙永恒性的假设之上的关于未来自我的建构,是人关于未来时空与未来自我相统一的确定答案。正因为人们相信未来,人们才会建构理想;而人越是拥有未来,就越是对现实充满自信。就此而言,理想维度是立足于现实关系和历史经验而对未来的虚拟,是关于自我的未来形态在主观世界中的理念形式。从这个意义上看,理想维度在宇宙观层面为人的未来提供了一个确定的位置,它因而把文化自信推进到更加广阔的时空际遇,拓展了文化自信的时效性,也增强了文化自信的确定性。

未来既是虚拟的,又是现实的。未来对于现实的意义就在于,人作为一个生命体,他本身就是趋向未来的感性力量,在未来找到某种确定性,是人的生命活动的特质所在。因此,人关于未来的理想,既是对现实的反映,又是对现实的超越,或者说,人关于未来的理想是更高的现实,虽然他对现实不满足,但因为有了理想的支撑,现实在一定意义上具有合理的一面,这一点,也让个体增加了更多自信。

综上所述,建构文化自信必须对其三个维度做出合理的取舍。首先,现实维度是文化自信的根本和支撑,只有积极掌握人类先进的物质文明和制度文明并将其运用于现实,才能形成建构文化自信的强大力量;其次,传统文化中的优秀成分,或者说传统文化在历史中所给予人们的自信,必须将其转化为历史的普遍性,如果不能让历史的成果超越其历史的局限,就不能为现实所接纳和吸收;最后,理想只有建立在对现实合理性的延展之上,才能对文化自信发挥提升作用。

(作者:唐震,系陕西省社会科学院研究员)

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