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让“人造太阳”从东方升起(砥砺奋进的5年·中国温度)

2017-09-06 06:16:48   中国青年网

EAST的建成使中国成为世界上少数几个拥有这种类型超导托卡马克装置的国家,并把中国的磁约束核聚变研究水平大幅推进到世界前沿。建成后,EAST进行了多次成功实验,并创下多项托卡马克运行的世界纪录。2012年,EAST实现30秒高约束等离子体放电。2013年1月,EAST又获重大实验成果,其辅助加热工程的中性束注入系统(NBI)在综合测试平台上成功实现100秒长脉冲氢中性束引出,初步验证了系统的长脉冲运行能力。2016年,EAST获得60秒完全非感应电流驱动(稳态)高约束模等离子体。接下来就是今年7月取得的骄人成就。

中国在大力推进自身托卡马克装置研制和实验的同时,积极参与国际热核聚变实验堆ITER计划。该计划是目前全球规模最大、影响最深远的国际科研合作项目之一,其目标是在和平利用聚变能的基础上,探索聚变在科学和工程技术上的可行性。根据相关协议,为ITER计划提供部件是中国参与的重要方式。

2013年8月,我国研制生产出大电流高温超导直流电缆,这是向国际热核聚变实验堆供货的超导电缆,2016月4月,中国承担生产和设计的首个超大部件——脉冲高压变电站(PPEN)首台主变压器,运往ITER设施的建造地法国。2016年12月,由中核集团西南物理研究院自主研发制造的国际热核聚变核心部件——超热负荷第一壁原型件在国际上率先通过权威机构认证,这是中国对国际热核聚变项目的又一重大贡献。目前,中国在ITER的7方采购包进度中,已经上升为第一位。在核聚变领域,中国人扮演的再也不是可有可无的“小角色”。通过参与国际热核聚变实验堆ITER计划,中国也进一步提升了自己的设备制造能力,锻炼和培养了一批专才。

1亿摄氏度,1000秒,这是中国科学家和“东方超环”EAST追求的目标。因为只有将氘、氚的等离子体瞬间加热到1亿摄氏度,并至少持续1000秒,才能形成持续反应,核聚变才能为人类所利用。

在积极推进EAST实验的同时,中国已瞄准下一个奋斗目标:设计建设自己的下一代核聚变装置。2011年,中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)开始了设计研究。在过去的几年里,项目集中了中国磁约束聚变研究的骨干力量,形成实力强大的国家队,努力消化ITER和国际磁约束聚变堆设计和技术,并进行大胆创新。2015年8月,中国圆满完成了聚变工程实验堆概念设计。据悉,目前相关装置已完成设计研究并开始了工程化设计。可以期待的是,中国将在人类开发清洁而又无限的核聚变能源领域作出新的探索和实践,为“人造太阳”的早日升起作出突出贡献。

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