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《敦刻尔克》热映 反类型战争片难续强势

2017-09-05 09:30:50   新华网

和诺兰之前的影片获得几乎压倒性好评不同,《敦刻尔克》登陆内地后,口碑两极分化明显。在内地影院正式上映前,《敦刻尔克》在海外已经好评如潮,许多外媒称这部电影会是“今年颁奖季的大热门”。有评论写道,原本以为战争片就是打打杀杀,但诺兰偏不这样拍,PG13的等级,连13岁的孩子都可以看的战争片,不用血腥去展现战争的残酷,而用镜头展现人性的多面,诺兰的这招险棋赢的漂亮。海外好评如潮,而诺兰在内地几乎“封神”,再加上在上映之初就赶去看片的多半是诺兰粉丝,因此《敦刻尔克》上映即在豆瓣、猫眼等影评网站上拥有了优异口碑(8分以上)。

然而,随着观影人群数量的扩大,电影口碑逐渐呈两极分化趋势。这与诺兰的叙事手法有很大关联。诺兰是一位擅长利用时间和空间进行叙事的导演,但这次拍摄他没有炫技,采用的叙事手法相当传统并且克制,故事几乎没有高潮与低谷。他让观众几乎可以冷静地思考并面对这场大撤退,以此凸显战争的绝望与紧张,并拷问人性、反思战争。影片色调阴冷,场面宏大,无论海上空袭还是海边撤退,都体现了战争的残酷与惊心动魄。简而言之,《敦刻尔克》是一部反类型的战争片。这让很多看惯了《敢死队》、《血战钢锯岭》等好莱坞战争类型片的中国观众感到不习惯、不入戏。

此外,诺兰在《敦刻尔克》里表达的看待战争的角度,也跟中国观众对战争片的期待南辕北辙。中国观众喜欢看到的是从失败走向胜利,而诺兰选择的角度则是展现失败。《敦刻尔克》的售票页面下,有很多观众表达了他们的不解。比如——“啥玩意,一群人在海滩玩了一个半小时的时间,仗也不打,就几架老式战机追来追去,无聊透顶的电影!”“不就是逃命吗,真不知道这有什么可宣扬的,难道现在逃跑也是一种风尚了?”“为什么要看?一部讲述英军大撤退的片子。还有脸拍出来。”

后市难以延续

在暑期档结束后的第一周,《敦刻尔克》的上映有效地缓冲了大盘的跌幅。统计数据显示,上周票房大盘环比小幅回落8.5%,七天报收8.37亿元。而《敦刻尔克》在电影市场上面临的最大的问题不在于摘取首周冠军,而在于如何保持电影的票房后势。《敦刻尔克》上周日票房环比下跌26%,跌幅远大于诺兰七年前的作品《星际穿越》同期的5%,这可不是什么好的讯号,反映出中国观众对这部反类型战争片的兴趣正在逐步减弱。

实际上,《敦刻尔克》上映之前,由于题材的缘故一直被认为是一部战争剧情片。毕竟二战题材出过很多优秀的战争类型片,比如以诺曼底登陆事件为背景的《拯救大兵瑞恩》。然而诺兰在来京宣传《敦刻尔克》时就明确地表示,这不是一部战争剧情片,而是一部讲生存的悬疑惊悚片。“我拍这部电影是真正地想和观众交流,告诉他们这个独特的历史事件有什么独特之处。对我来说,敦刻尔克这个故事最独特的地方就是悬疑感,是非常好的悬疑片的主题。敌人已经越来越近了,士兵们在与时间赛跑,他们处于困境之中,还看不到解决的办法。但这个事件的结尾是非常积极的。我认为这是一个好的故事,我不是把它当做战争片来拍的,而是当成关于生存的悬疑惊悚片来拍的。”

的确,《敦刻尔克》的多线叙事对应多组人物,让电影并没有非常明确的中心点,甚至没有出现敌军的面孔,诺兰希望通过观众的“沉浸式”观影体验来和敦刻尔克海滩上的士兵感同身受。这样的反类型处理是《敦刻尔克》的特色,但也成为这部电影在面向更广大的普通观众时的障碍。即使和诺兰之前的影片相比,《敦刻尔克》在剧情方面也显得弱了一些。因此,院线人士分析指出,虽然《敦刻尔克》目前的评价很高,但争议正在冒头,受限于“反类型”的手法,其最终票房未必能够超越七年前的《盗梦空间》。值得一提的是,《蜘蛛侠:英雄归来》、《猩球崛起:终极之战》两部典型的好莱坞类型片将在9月陆续上映,而在9月30日国庆档前夕,将有约10部国产新片集中开画,其中不乏备受期待的如《芳华》、《空天猎》等。前有好莱坞大片阻挡,后有国产新片的追击,加上《敦刻尔克》本身反类型带来的与普通观众的疏离感,该片的票房后势恐怕难以保持强势。

北京晨报记者 杨莲洁

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