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从只有74株到人工繁育移植成功 “峨眉圣花”绝地重生

2017-09-05 07:26:42   中国青年网

2014年,在极小种群拯救与保护行动启动之后,专家们一致认定:如要抢救“峨眉圣花”,必须要走人工繁育之路,然后逐步异地移植恢复野生种群。

由于仅存的峨眉山拟单性木兰全分布在悬崖上,所以采种之旅异常艰难。“能保存它们的地方,人迹罕至。”峨眉山生物资源实验站相关负责人介绍,悬崖平均高度约120米。但技术人员只能硬着头皮一米一米地向崖顶爬去。

因为,峨眉拟单性木兰本身生物特性决定,它每四十年才开一次花且“男多女少”。

“你不抓住,就没机会了。”峨眉山生物资源实验站的李策宏说,峨眉拟单性木兰具有两种性别:一种为雄性,即为“男性”;一种为雌雄同体,但由于雄性不育,又被叫做雌性,也即“女性”,结果育种的,正是“女性”。目前,已经开花的20株峨眉拟单性木兰中,仅有4株是两性花,具备孕育种子、繁衍后代的能力。

也因此,每年秋天,技术人员要分成若干组,每天爬上悬崖,试图留住“峨眉圣花”的“香火”。利用这些种子,技术人员成功培育出了近1400株人工繁育种群。

在人工繁育之外,技术人员决定:实施异地移植。今年3月,在50株峨眉拟单性木兰引入成都植物园的同时,又有220株人工繁育种群被移植到峨眉山的禁止开放区。

“它们存活下去不代表就全部成功了。因为,更核心的指标是:实现种群的自我更新迭代。”李策宏说,人工繁育和野生种群恢复才刚刚开始。

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