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不同角度看“趋同”(艺坛走笔)

2017-09-03 05:20:49   中国青年网

社会生活的变迁,也深刻影响着艺术创作。改革开放以来,随着城乡之间融合发展步伐的加快,人民生活获得巨大改善。与此同时,城乡居民的日常生活模式也在逐渐趋同。类似的生活模式导致类似美术作品的出现。艺术是生活的反映。以此解释艺术创作趋同的现象,似乎有其合理性,但必须意识到,艺术绝不是机械地反映生活。仅仅把目之所见的生活片段记录下来,固然是对生活的反映,但只是浅层次的再现,说明作者对生活的理解还很肤浅。

美术创作面貌“趋同”的现象,值得警醒,值得深思。同时,面对这个艺术创作的大忌,既要反思如何避免雷同,还要避免单纯为了“新”而求新,为了与众不同而刻意求变,违反艺术创作规律。

比如,在中国画领域,学习方式上,通常从临摹起步,初学者不仅要研习优秀作品的基本技法,甚至要模仿优秀作品的格调和气息,这是一个很难绕过去的阶段;创作题材上,中国画有着自己传统的题材,最著名的莫过于花鸟画中的梅兰竹菊“四君子”,千百年来,一直被无数文人画士所歌咏,所描摹,直至今天,花鸟画家依然钟情于此。学习方式重临摹、题材重传统文化、笔墨语言重锤炼等方面的特点,决定了中国画从单纯的模仿到脱颖而出自成面目,的确需要一个漫长的过程。在此基础上的创新,更不是花样的翻新,而是寻觅新的表达路径。无论是对前人的超越,还是对自我的超越,都需要一个过程,不可能一夜之间完成质变。创作者需要时刻提醒自己的是,是否能以心灵歌唱赋予传统题材以新意,而不是沿着固有轨道在惯性的作用下懒散地滑行。

此外,通观当今美术界,不难发现,非但作品题材、手法有趋同之势,甚至不同美术品类之间的创作语言也在逐渐靠近。譬如,油画追求水彩画的轻盈透明感,而水彩画则借鉴油画的丰富厚重感;水墨画追求素描的明暗调子效果,而素描则借鉴写意画简括的构图与洒脱奔放的笔触……这种“跨界”的作法,模糊了门类之间的界限,削弱了某些画种的特色魅力,但同时值得关注的是,某些新的艺术语言也在“混搭”中诞生,并日益展现出蓬勃的生命力。

由此估判,创作面貌的“趋同”现象,或许不会持续太久,因为打破单调感,寻求丰富和变化,是人们本能的审美需求,观众的眼睛会做出明智选择,艺术史和艺术市场也终将淘汰浅薄跟风者。走出“趋同”,需要优化人才培养环境,推出更合理的人才选拔机制,更需要美术家敏于观察,善于思考,勤于探索。美术家一定要远离惰性。因为,无论是另辟蹊径的创新,还是对自我的不断超越,都建立在艰辛劳动的基础上。

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