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战争与电影 抉择“敦刻尔克”:隐遁的血腥

2017-09-02 09:26:18   新华网

影片采用海陆空三线叙事,在故事核上采用撤退与救援两条线。诺兰上部作品《星际穿越》169分钟的片长被认为是对其票房影响最大的BUG。这次,诺兰将这样宏大的故事却限制在107分钟里,也足以想象诺兰这部影片叙事和节奏之快。

76页的剧本,107分钟的时长,却不意味着简单。诺兰在影片中没有前因后果的故事铺垫,一上来就让观众进入战争状态,海、陆、空三个不同时空交织的故事结构,更是展现出情节的紧迫感。

而影片的台词更是少,诺兰表示,台词少他是故意而为,他希望大家更聚焦画面的感染力,“我希望这是一部近距离的大片,风吹过来,将沙子吹进你的眼睛,这是一种什么感受。对我来说,最重要的就变成了声音、音乐和画面,而不是角色的对白。我只是想要表达一种观点,一种沉浸式体验。”

这部戏中,诺兰选了年轻演员来挑大梁,在他看来,敦刻尔克大撤退时,士兵大多数是20多岁,所以选用年轻演员,也是为了真实感。而之前与诺兰合作过《盗梦空间》和《蝙蝠侠:黑暗骑士崛起》的大明星汤姆·哈迪在《敦刻尔克》全片中却只露出眼睛,被观众评价说:“用最贵的演员露最少的脸。”这是因为汤姆·哈迪在片中扮演飞行员,飞行员始终是戴着面罩的,而在诺兰看来,能用眼神就诠释角色的第一人选就是他的好友汤姆·哈迪。

读懂技术

“它已经不再是历史,仿佛活了过来”

众所周知,诺兰不喜欢3D,他认为电脑特效只为合理不为奇观,他说自己喜欢的是大画面式的沉浸式体验,而非3D的规模较小的沉浸式体验。也因此,《蝙蝠侠:黑暗骑士崛起》在诺兰的坚持下没用3D拍摄而成,之后的《星际穿越》、《敦刻尔克》,他也没有用到3D技术。

但是诺兰喜欢IMAX,他认为,“IMAX是目前最好的电影制式,是使其他任何技术都相形见绌的黄金法则。”从《蝙蝠侠》系列开始,诺兰就使用IMAX摄影技术,在《星际穿越》中更是广泛地运用。在《敦刻尔克》中,IMAX摄影机拍摄占比更是创诺兰作品纪录。在诺兰眼里,IMAX的大画幅和高分辨率能表现出更丰富的画面细节,强势震撼。

《敦刻尔克》中,诺兰坚持最大限度的实拍,为了营造空战的真实感,诺兰将IMAX摄影机安装在飞机的前、后方机翼上,近距离捕捉空中镜头,映入眼帘的那些美丽柔和的光线,透过喷火机的舱顶,还有其他战机划过天际的场景,都是通过IMAX摄影机拍摄而成。剧组还费尽心血,弄来一个外形酷似喷火式战斗机、型号Yak-52双人驾驶苏联时代飞机。诺兰在其驾驶座舱空间拍摄,并将摄影机放在演员肩膀上,他说:“身处于狭小的驾驶舱中,在里面待上一到两个小时,这是非常重要的,让观众们有坐在机舱里的感受。”

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