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哈工大中国航天领域的龙江印记

2017-09-02 08:10:56   中国青年网

(下转第五版)

(上接第一版)更为关键的是,“快舟”采用了国际首创的星箭一体化技术,是我国首个具有快速集成、快速入轨能力的小型固体运载火箭,创造了我国航天发射的最快纪录,使我国航天发射运载工具由液体运载火箭拓展到固体运载火箭,初步形成了我国亟需的空间快速响应能力。

载人助力中国宇航员进入太空

2016年,天宫二号与神舟十一号成功对接,航天员还与机械手协同完成了拿电动工具拧螺钉、拆除隔热材料、在轨遥操作等科学试验,获得了世界的关注。天宫二号还释放了伴飞卫星,通过伴飞卫星实现自拍功能,传回大量清晰的图片,进行了故障监测。

其实,无论是伴飞卫星还是机械臂,甚至机械臂上关节电机,都有哈工大技术在其中。

哈工大微特电机研究所研制的关节电机和飞轮电机成功用于天宫二号实验室,其中关节电机用于驱动机械臂进行各类动作,飞轮电机起到伴飞卫星姿态控制的作用。天宫二号空间机械手由哈尔滨工业大学研制,包含多感知柔性机械臂、五指仿人灵巧手、控制器及其软件、手眼相机、人机交互设备及其软件等。

“神舟”系列飞船的“大脑”——容错计算机,“神舟”系列飞船的“医生”——故障诊断系统都有哈工大参与;保证航天员健康安全的宇航服系统、海上应急浮囊系统、座椅支撑系统等项目也都凝结着哈工大科研人员的汗水;CCD光学成像敏感器、九自由度运动模拟系统、空间对接机构热真空试验台等哈工大技术,都为“天神”最终实现顺利对接提供了保障。

多年来,哈工大先后有500多名教师和技术人员参与载人航天相关研究工作,50余项研究成果应用到载人航天的各个领域。

落地让航天科技助推龙江转型

马晶和谭立英,原本只是哈工大两名默默坚守科研的两位教授,但他们带领团队用20余年的执着,为我国建立空间激光高速实时信息网络奠定了工程和技术基础,标志着我国在空间高速信息传输这一航天高技术尖端领域走在了世界前列。2016年,由他们牵头的哈工大卫星激光通信股份有限公司成立,“高大上”的科研成果,将在龙江进一步落地转化,助推龙江经济转型升级。

2015年,哈工大和中国航天科技集团公司共建的国家重大科技基础设施重点项目大科学工程“空间环境地面模拟装置”,获得国家发改委正式立项批复,标志着我国航天领域唯一的、也是我国东北地区首个重大科技基础设施建设项目正式落户黑龙江。2015年至今,哈工大共成立了机器人集团、利剑集团公司、大数据产业集团公司等7家“新字号”高科技企业。

近几年,哈工大还统筹规划,建设了一批航天尖端技术研究基地,形成了基础理论研究与航天工程应用研究兼顾,相互支撑、相互促进的学科布局,凝练成了立足航天、民用通用的科技创新方向,其中很多研究基地和产业化项目都落户在我省。

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