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“年度神作”《敦刻尔克》“神”在哪儿?

2017-09-01 08:41:29   新华网

敦刻尔克》将视角落在海、陆、空三个维度,每个故事线的时间长度不同,诺兰希望保持主观的叙事角度,视角跟随不同角色在三条时间线中来回跳跃,将他擅长的时间解构能力发挥到了极致,“我要观众感觉和士兵一样,似乎自己也受困于敦刻尔克海滩上,也给他们从喷火式战斗机飞行员的角度感受在空中被敌人纠缠,随时都可能被击中,有肾上腺分泌的刺激感;还要让他们驾驶前往搭救英军的船长角度看着一整起事件,与船上人物一起经历营救中惊悚的每一秒。”

《敦刻尔克》比他的《记忆碎片》《致命魔术》《盗梦空间》在时间跳跃手法上更进一步之处在于——其他影片主要角色的线索只有一条,而《敦刻尔克》则有三条主线,在时间不断闪回或迂回前进的同时,视角也在三个重要场景间不停转换,流转于陆地上的人、海上的船、空中的飞机,交错的画面制造了很多不确定感,复杂的调度也对观众的理解力和注意力提出了一定的挑战。诺兰认为这样的设计能够全方位还原事件,“虽然三条线所经历的时间不尽相同,但在任何一条线的叙说下,人们所受到的煎熬与挑战不比任何人小。”

海滩防波堤逃生录

时间:一星期

主要人物:汤米(菲恩·怀特海德 饰) 亚历克斯(哈里·斯泰尔斯 饰) 吉普森(阿纽林·巴纳德 饰)

在传单如雪花般散落的法国小镇上,菲恩·怀特海德饰演的英国士兵汤米率先登场,他在街头一路被追兵包围袭击,来到40万盟军等待撤离的海滩防波堤上,与一个几乎不怎么说话的同伴吉普森相遇,他们从死去的战友身上剥下装备,假装救护兵混进先撤退的救生船。随着救护的船只被轰炸沉于海底,与另一位士兵亚历克斯被迫回到了海滩,其后数次登船、数次失败,最后电影结尾撤退成功,疲惫的士兵回到国土,受到欢迎的他们却不知所措。

幕后·重建防波堤

故事线中的人物几乎没有台词,但“紧张的台词”似乎全写在他们的脸上。诺兰表示,这条线中士兵的状态是全片的重点,能呈现出一种令人窒息的困境,他们充满着排除万难、突破重围、挣扎求生的渴望。

电影制作人采取最重大的决策之一,即陆地场景在敦刻尔克原址拍摄,最大的困难是将东部防波堤恢复到1940年的面貌。这种石头防波堤采用白色的木质结构,美术总监内森·克劳利说:“我记得当时站在海滩上想‘天啊,我们得重新造一座防波堤’。”此次修复让当时跟组的历史学家欣喜若狂,克劳利的艺术部门用14×14英寸的木材打造了防波堤基座,比原防波堤扩建了约500英尺。到了实拍时,一场大风暴不期而至,把刚刚搭建好的防波堤刮倒了。快速变化的气候条件对电影场景的连贯也造成很大影响,“具有讽刺意味的是,许多人告诉我,我以‘天气福将’而闻名,但实际上我一开机天公就往往不作美,”诺兰笑道:“但是只要你能接受这一切,命运就掌握在自己手中了。事实上,一些最好的画面往往是在最恶劣的条件下拍摄的”。

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