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俄媒解密俄军未来导弹列车:2分钟发36颗核弹头

2017-08-31 10:06:47   中国青年网

1985年至1987年,导弹列车在普列谢茨克发射场接受测试,共完成32次发射,并18次在境内铁路中穿行。在试运行期间,列车经过了苏联国内的所有不同气候带,从永久冻土带到沙漠,但西方并不知道它的存在。它的外观与普通列车完全一样,唯一能让人发现蛛丝马迹的大概是它同时需要3台内燃机车牵引。不过,即便是资深的铁路专家也未必能马上察觉出异样。

1989年,“青年”正式入列,当时有5个师,4个部署于科斯特罗马州,1个驻扎在彼尔姆州。

21世纪的头几年,按照相关的国际协定,俄罗斯开始销毁导弹列车。战略火箭兵领导层决定将重点放在发展“白杨”-M导弹上,将之视为核遏制力量所拥有的机动发射导弹的基础。

然而,随着时间推移,人们意识到,虽然上述导弹很难被发现,但其保密性能仍不如导弹列车,毕竟后者可以轻易“隐身”。2012年,莫斯科热力工程研究所承担起复兴导弹列车的重任。

出其不意的还击

在公开报道中,有关导弹列车研发的介绍并不多,但已知的是,每辆列车将携带6枚洲际弹道导弹,且很可能是RS-24“亚尔斯”三级助推固体燃料导弹。它同样由莫斯科热力工程研究所推出,一枚“亚尔斯”导弹可携带3至6个(一列最多共36个)威力近30万吨TNT当量的核弹头,较之苏联时代的“青年”导弹列车的RT-23导弹,它体积更小且重量仅为前者的一半,所以其安装及铁路运输要容易许多。此外,一辆内燃机车就足以拖拽导弹列车前行,更加便捷、更不易察觉。新的导弹列车可在俄全境畅行无阻,每天能开行逾千公里。

2016年11月,“巴尔古津”在普列谢茨克发射场完成首次洲际弹道导弹发射测试。一辆导弹列车即相当于一个导弹团。按计划,俄战略火箭兵将拥有5个团,即30套发射装置。导弹列车的研发很可能从2018-2025年的国家武器计划中获得资金,并在2020-2021年进入战斗值班。

俄著名军事专家、《国防》杂志主编伊戈尔·科罗特琴科告诉俄新社:“华盛顿在包括本土在内,全面部署新的高精准武器。在此背景下,我们的导弹列车将成为手中的王牌。它是一种不确定性因素,与机动发射的导弹相互配合,是对华盛顿有关通过非核武器尤其是巡航导弹、实施全球快速打击构想的有力回应。美方欲建立一种能在1小时内摧毁全球任何目标的作战系统,包括一国的军政领导层、军队指挥所、井基发射装置等。然而,倘若敌人没有掌握所有发射装置的精确坐标,这一构想就无从谈起。”

非但如此,即便潜在的敌人发动大规模的导弹袭击,彻底摧毁俄罗斯的“核三位一体”力量,但俄战略火箭兵仍未完全丧失予以还击的能力。在俄罗斯漫长的铁路线上,遍布开山凿石挖成的隧道,它们可以充当导弹列车的藏身之所。很难保证当敌人的进攻停止后,唯一幸存的“幽灵列车”不会从乌拉尔地区的山中,向侵略者射出其所携带的全部导弹。

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