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中国已成为纳米科技领域重要贡献者

2017-08-30 06:21:35   中国青年网

2.中国纳米科学走在国际前列

白春礼至今仍然记得这样一个小插曲:十几年前,国内媒体做过一个节目,在大街上随机采访大家是否了解纳米科学。“我记得当时有位大娘说,是不是一种新大米啊!但现在,应用纳米技术的产品已经走进寻常百姓家。”白春礼认为,中国纳米科学在从跟踪、并行到领跑的过程中,走向国际前列。

会上,国家纳米科学中心、中国科学院文献情报中心和施普林格·自然集团共同发布了《中国纳米科学与技术发展白皮书》。这些数据非常亮眼:中国纳米方面的论文产出由1997年的820篇增至2016年的5.2万余篇,中国目前贡献了全球超过三分之一的纳米科研论文,几乎是美国的两倍。中国科研机构表现更加突出,中国科学院已是全球纳米领域最主要的高影响力论文产出机构,清华大学、复旦大学、浙江大学、中国科学技术大学和北京大学五家高校在前1%高被引纳米科研论文的总产出方面,也位列全球前20名。

潘教峰介绍,通过对内容分析、文献计量等方法,研究人员认为,中国在纳米科技领域已形成一批达到世界领跑水平的优势研究方向和优秀团队。例如中国科学院化学研究所、南开大学、华东理工大学、北京大学等机构在太阳能电池领域均有突出成果。

中国科学院文献情报中心副主任刘细文研究员介绍,中国纳米科研的飞速发展与中国政府对该研究领域持续、大力的支持密切相关。早在1990年,国家科学技术委员会便将纳米材料科学列入国家“攀登”项目。其后的几十年间,科技部、国家自然科学基金委员会、中国科学院等机构对纳米科技的投入持续增长。他说:“政府有力的支持吸引了越来越多的中国科学家投身于纳米材料的研究。此外,越来越多有海外留学背景的科学家回到中国,这也有助于中国纳米科研的迅速崛起,而这一发展趋势有望在可预见的未来继续保持下去。”

3.中国将在激烈的国际竞争中保持领先

会上,科学家们一致认为,纳米科技领域的竞争将更加激烈。《纳米研究前沿分析报告》分析了美国、英国、法国、德国、日本、中国等主要国家和地区的纳米技术研发计划,发现各国对纳米技术的信心普遍增强,资金投入和人员投入普遍加大;各国将纳米技术列入促进国家经济发展和解决重要问题的关键技术领域,能源和生物医药等领域尤其受到重视。

在这种形势下,中国科学家保持着清醒和冷静。唐本忠认为,纳米科技是一个前沿交叉科学领域,各方面的科学家应该“保持协作,互相欣赏”。《中国纳米科学与技术发展白皮书》对科学家进行的匿名调查也显示,多位科学家都持这种观点。有位科学家说:“纳米科学非常广泛,其本质就是跨学科的,这符合不同科学领域一体化的全球趋势。因此,我们需要更多的跨学科合作。”

中国科学院理化技术研究所江雷院士认为,中国纳米科研的前进,需要更多原创性研究。这一点,也得到了大家的赞同。从中国情况看,更多是1到10的创新,但从0到1的突破仍十分罕见。

如何打破纳米科技领域基础研究部门与产业部门的隔阂,也是大家关注的焦点话题之一。《中国纳米科学与技术发展白皮书》调查显示,如何加强纳米科研成果的应用被认为是中国纳米科学发展所面临的最大挑战之一。如何平衡基础研究与应用研究,如何让产业界更多地加入到基础研究中来,将是中国未来需要着力解决的问题。

这些问题不可能在三天的会议上得到解决,但大家将进一步凝聚共识,推动中国纳米科技的发展。正如白春礼所说:“希望通过我们的共同努力,纳米科技在基础前沿领域能实现更多原创性突破,更多应用成果开花结果、落地生根,服务国家、造福人民,为中国早日建成世界科技强国作出应有的贡献。”

(本报北京8月29日电 本报记者 齐芳)

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