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2017年暑期档动画电影观察:国产动画如何走出瓶颈期

2017-08-28 10:36:17   中国经济网

再来看一组更有说服力的数据:2016年暑期档的25部动画总共斩获24亿元票房,其中6部——《愤怒的小鸟》(票房5.1亿元)《海底总动员2》(票房2.5亿元)《哆啦A梦:新·大雄的日本诞生》(票房1.1亿元)《大鱼海棠》(票房5.6亿元)《爱宠大机密》(票房3.8亿元)《冰川时代5:星际碰撞》(票房4.4亿元)——就贡献了22.5亿元,也就是说剩下的19部平均票房不足800万,而这才是国产动画的真实处境。从这个角度来看,2017暑期档动画并非真的是质量锐减导致“最差”,而是在没有大量引进国外动画和缺少国产“黑马”背景下的总量下跌。

精心打磨内容

探索国产动画类型化

当然,即便我们不对2017暑期档动画过分苛责,也不能就此回避国产动画电影在一波高潮之后遭遇的瓶颈问题。“三大”系列的票房走低再一次向我们验证了口碑不是保证,影片自身才是,更准确地说,合理的类型化才是。以日和风格的《十万个冷笑话》和美漫风格的《大圣归来》为例,合理的类型化是基础,在框架之下完善叙事、打磨细节是根本保证。在这个基础上,前者调用了近年来流行的糗文化/吐槽文化,在TV版剧集中培养了大批粉丝,后者则激活了《西游记》这个传统经典。换句话说,这两部电影的成功绝不是国漫精神的显灵,而是创作者的成功。

在类型化的基础上还要对故事进行耐心的打磨,制作技术提升的基础上,剧本仍然是关键。针对儿童的低幼动画通常需要观众的前期培养,比如《喜羊羊与灰太狼》《熊出没》《赛尔号》《大耳朵图图》等,在电视剧版的播放中就累积了一批小观众。而全年龄段的非低幼动画则对剧本有更高要求,尤其是在众多好莱坞动画的培养下,观众对故事的要求已经逐渐提高,仅凭支持国产漫画的口号并不能走太远,更重要的还是如何用类型来激活自己的文化。以“中国的皮克斯”为目标的追光动画,连续两部作品《小门神》和《阿唐奇遇》都遭遇了票房失利。应该说,注重技术的追光动画的确提升了国产动画的制作水平,但剧本的平庸显然才是其失利的关键原因。《小门神》将故事分为天上和人间两条线,试图在二者交汇之下激活即将失落的传统文化,然而事实却是,门神这条线对传统文化的挖掘不够充分,人间的故事又过于说教。比起《小门神》来,《阿唐奇遇》的好莱坞化更明显,看起来像是一部中国版的《玩具总动员》。然而问题也还是出在剧本,成人观众认为叙事过于简单,华丽的技术流于中国元素的堆砌,低幼观众则又觉得不够有趣,于是再次回到前面提到的类型化问题。定位不准和剧本粗糙是追光动画遭遇失败的根本原因。

总之,对待国产动画,我们既应当有更高的要求,也应当有更多的耐心。我们一方面要明白,在日式漫画和美式漫画的夹缝中,要想走出自己的风格仍旧是艰难的,另一方面也要看到国产动画市场的拓展还有着很大的空间。尽管今年暑期档动画显得战斗力不足,但整个国产动漫的确已经进入了一个新的发展阶段。无论是各大众筹平台源源不断的原创动画项目,还是Bilibili网站的大力推介,整个产出环境已经开始好转,一批又一批的潜在观众正在培养中。只要我们能讲出更多有趣的故事,相信未来一定能激活更多的观众。陈琰娇


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