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卡塔尔外交部宣布与伊朗全面恢复外交关系

2017-08-25 13:56:40   央广网

李建国介绍,伊朗和卡塔尔两国的关系有良好基础,当初卡塔尔召回伊朗的大使只是为了应和沙特。伊朗对卡塔尔的处境心知肚明,从今年6月5日开始,巴黎、沙特、阿联酋等多个国家相继宣布与卡塔尔断交,其中的一个理由是卡塔尔同伊朗保持了友好的关系,而伊朗则全力支持卡塔尔,对卡塔尔开放领空,并向卡塔尔输送了大量物资,此次伊朗对卡塔尔政府的举措做出积极回应是非常自然的事情。此外,伊朗新一届政府刚开始运作,想进一步发展对外关系,提高自己在国际社会的地位。被召回的卡塔尔驻伊朗大使能够返回德黑兰是伊朗所期望的,也算是伊朗新一届政府在外交领域的一个开门红。

在中东问题专家李绍先看来,卡塔尔和沙特等国的“渐行渐远”,已经成为了不争的事实。为了生存卡塔尔必须采取更加平衡的外交政策。从卡塔尔来讲,外交危机近期解决无望,即使将来外交危机化解,海合会内部的团结恐怕也很薄弱,卡塔尔和沙特阿拉伯渐行渐远这已经成为一个不争的事实。卡塔尔为了自己国家安全,要在海湾地区实行更加平衡的外交政策,和伊朗发展关系,和土耳其发展关系是不可避免的。

在卡塔尔和沙特的交锋中,目前的伊朗俨然成了“香饽饽”,伊朗外长扎里夫日前在接受采访时表示,伊朗与沙特两国的外交官即将展开外交互访,查看在对方国家的使馆和领事馆状况。伊朗正尽一切努力,准备与沙特进行对话。

不过,在中东地区,由于教派以及历史原因,逊尼派与什叶派是两大泾渭分明的阵营。沙特作为逊尼派的“大哥”,伊朗作为什叶派大国宗教斗争根深蒂固,两国能否真正破冰恐怕还是一个谜题。

从卡塔尔的断交风波、到近期美国对伊朗制裁等频频动作的背后,美国的作用力被认为是显而易见,也颇有几分醉翁之意不在酒的意味。中国国际问题研究院美国研究所所长滕建群分析,伊朗做大,已成定局。而美国总统特朗普入主白宫后,调整美对中东政策,采取拉一拨打一拨,外加利益优先的策略之下,人们看到美国以及中东地区呈现了某种“回归”。“他加强了对沙特阿拉伯和阿联酋还有以色列传统的关系是一种回归,最近多年伊朗做大跟美国有很大关系,比如阿富汗战争结束以后,在伊朗的东部消除了一个重大对手,伊拉克战争把萨达姆灭了,伊朗在中东做大已经成定局,美国现在比较着急的是要消平伊朗这种做大的发展趋势,联合沙特、阿联酋还有其他国家围堵伊朗,使其能够保证美国的中东战略能够得以顺利执行,保证美伊之间这种传统的关系能够得以进一步的加强。在奥巴马期间美国和以色列的关系有一定的下降,奥巴马的政策已经被特朗普推翻,希望重新回归美国原有的中东政策,拉一波打一波。”

如今卡塔尔困局之下转向伊朗,美国是始料未及还是早有预判?面对不断壮大队伍的中东伊朗,美国何去何从?滕建群观察,特朗普不甚清晰以及过于急功近利的中东政策,将不得不接受现实的考验。“特朗普中东政策到目前为止并不是非常成功,又回到了利用一些盟友来遏制另外一些美国认为是对手的一些国家。现在不光是伊朗、卡塔尔这样一些国家对美国表示不满,甚至包括沙特阿拉伯、以色列,传统意义上的美国盟友也表现出对美国的不耐烦,主要是特朗普中东政策急功近利,更多的希望能够通过包括挑起中东国家之间的矛盾来为自己的中东地缘政治服务,来为自己国家谋取更多的军火商的利益,这些政策到目前为止引起了中东国家极大的不满,沙特现在尽管签了两千亿美元大单,但美国国会并没有给予批准,这些都是空头支票。从目前来说的话特朗普中东政策太过于急功近利,太过于追求眼前的利益,引起了中东国家包括美国传统的盟友不满。”

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