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比特币与ICO火爆:价格风险双高 综合监管势在必行

2017-08-25 10:26:15   央广网

对于比特币未来的价格,市场众说纷纭。高盛分析师加法里预计,比特币在触及4827美元后或将下跌约40%。而市场研究机构Standpoint Research的创始人罗尼·莫阿斯(Ronnie Moas)则乐观地表示,比特币或将在明年升至7500美元。

话题二:“火箭式”发展的ICO 项目风险激增

随着以比特币为代表的加密数字货币的发展,一种通过发行数字代币,在网络上筹集比特币等数字货币的新型融资模式如雨后春笋般不断涌现。这种被称为ICO的项目,主要是区块链初创企业通过向公众发布白皮书介绍项目情况,而投资者则使用比特币或以太币等数字货币去换取企业发行的代币,再投资该项目,而企业则因此得以融资。

诚然,这种低成本和低门槛的融资新模式确实可以为难以获得贷款的区块链企业提供资金支持,但也正因为门槛过低,在逐利心态的推动下,难免会出现发行人伪造项目及获利后出逃的骗局,欺诈风险显著提高。李劢达认为,欺诈风险的提高主要来源于ICO市场的赚钱效应,市场认为有钱赚,各种浑水摸鱼的人才有机会筹到钱。

四大会计师事务所之一的普华永道日前发布了《ICO风险评估指引》(以下简称“指引”)。指引认为,当前ICO项目主要面临着携款潜逃、过度承诺、过度乐观、缺乏控制力以及监管风险等问题。对此,普华永道借助自身经验总结了ICO风险评估方法,总的来说,可以分为以下7个方面,分别是项目背景、项目白皮书、项目团队、项目代码、项目运营、发行方案以及财务控制,每个方面按照符合度配有不同分数,总分在25分或以上的项目即为“成熟项目”,14分或以下的则为“萌芽项目”,存在较大不确定性。

由此可见,可量化的评估标准将令投资者在进行ICO项目投资时,能更加直观地把握项目本身的风险。ICO方兴未艾,在受到资本和市场几近疯狂的追捧下,为了保证ICO有序发展和投资者安全,综合性的监管措施亟待出台。

话题三:相伴而生的监管 综合性方法是关键

比特币等数字货币及ICO的强势发展引起了监管方的注意。7月底,美国证券交易监督委员会(SEC)发布了一份针对名为“DAO”的ICO项目的调查报告。SEC在报告中指出,DAO的ICO项目属于证券交易。有分析人士认为,SEC的这一表态或在一定程度上加强了ICO以及比特币等数字货币的证券特征。不过,值得注意的是,虽然SEC指出DAO的非常规做法违反了证券法,但SEC并未就此采取更进一步的行动或措施,其对于ICO的监管态度依然较为模糊。

除SEC外,日前,新加坡金融管理局(MAS)也阐明了对于数字代币发行的立场,认为如果加密代币构成“证券与期货法案”中监管的产品,那么,这种加密代币在新加坡的发售或发行将受到金融管理局的监管。与此同时,MAS也再次提示投资者在投资ICO或数字货币相关产品前,要充分了解其中的风险。

事实上,比特币和ICO依然属于新兴事物,随着其自身的发展,监管也将变得更加明确和具体。“ICO有其全球化和匿名的特点,行业自律是必须的,同时也必须和监管互相配合,尽量教育市场。”李劢达认为,正是因为ICO是全球性的,单纯的行业自律很难得到统一,而单纯的监管只会让好项目、好团队从国内流失,因此,双方必须配合起来,找到最佳的教育方式。此外,也有专家认为,对于ICO的监管可以借鉴“监管沙箱”的模式,ICO项目可以申请进入“监管沙箱”,进行创新实验,并且与监管方保持密切交流和信息交换。另外,普华永道也指出,在未来,监管机构或将对“筹集资金总额是否有上限”、“是否会强制执行报告或审计要求”以及“ICO结束后是否需要持续的监督机制”等问题作出明确的要求。

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