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“三展皇边,倒退四十”法库民谣有故事—— 康熙北扩柳条边遭蒙古王爷抵制

2017-08-25 08:46:26   中国青年网

刘洋介绍,法库境内的柳条边于清顺治五年开始修筑,从开原入法库,东西全长80公里,柳条边南称为“边里”,柳条边北称为“边外”。法库边门处于法库柳条边中间段的三台子附近。

“小时候我还见过法库边门,就在今天的鞋帽厂背面,法库镇北大街上。”在刘洋的记忆里,法库边门是一座青砖硬山式门洞房,房顶是灰色小瓦,脊上刻有跑兽。“可惜的是,1982年因城镇改扩道的需要,边门被拆除了。”刘洋不无遗憾地说。

如今,柳条边时代虽已远去,但柳条边还是给法库民众留下了一些美好的记忆。

当地群众给记者讲了许多传说故事。记者查阅史料印证了康熙、乾隆两位皇帝曾留诗于此。康熙二十一年(1682年),康熙皇帝第二次东巡从新宾的永陵进入法库界内行猎,射杀了两只老虎,驻跸哈达河,凭吊先祖努尔哈赤攻打哈达部的古战场──哈达城(今法库古城子)。地方百官闻讯赶来迎驾,盛况空前。康熙诗兴大发,挥笔写下七绝《柳条边望月》:“雨过高天霁晚虹,关山迢递月明中。春风寂寂吹杨柳,摇曳寒光度远空。”

1743年,乾隆首次东巡过法库柳条边,曾写下“我来策马巡边东,高可逾越疏可通”的诗句。如今,这些诗词都成为法库边门的文化记忆,被很多作品引用,也成为当地百姓津津乐道的故事。

平定吴三桂后,俘虏被发配到法库边门充当苦役

刘洋介绍说,清朝时,法库边门建有门楼一座,门上悬有“法库边门”匾额,形制与威远堡边门相同。门楼中间是通道,两边建有耳房。一边耳房为巡差居住,另一边耳房是拘禁犯边百姓所用的囚室。

据民国本《开原县志》记载,门楼里面是防御衙门,衙内设武官防御一员。防御官由奉天军方派遣,三年一更换。还设文官笔贴式一员,下属官兵均由开原城守尉委派,满族兵3名,汉军30名,盛京移驻兵6名,官兵共计40名。他们负责管理出入通行事务。衙门内摆着大眼枷、黑红棒和皮鞭子。

此外,在法库边门辖区各地段,每年(四月至十月)还要派出四个“卡伦”(也称路卡)。每卡由开原城守尉额外加派军官一员,兵10名,两月一更换。边门附近所设9个边台(烽火台),设台丁150人至200人,负责巡视、维护。据《奉天通志》记载:“康熙年间平定逆藩吴三桂俘虏,编管盛京部,拨往边台充当苦役。”这些苦役就是台丁,他们春夏修壕补边,10月开始进山采收,向朝廷贡奉山货。

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