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“网剧热”的冷思考:脚踏实地 多出精品

2017-08-25 08:01:46   央广网

《越狱》的诞生过程就很典型。《越狱》制作人米歇尔说,《越狱》第一集播出后,公司邀请不同年龄层的观众志愿者,组成了一个评审团看片。每个人的座位有一个可以旋转的按钮,当他们看到自己喜欢的情节或者对白时,有专门的仪器将这个动作记录下来;当他们不喜欢这个情节或者镜头的时候,他们可以往相反的方向旋转按钮。这些详细的数据,有极大的参考价值,能给制片人很大的启发。

光有观众的意见还不够,还要靠编剧把它们装进特定的模具里,到流水线上走一遭。一般来说,美剧创作由主编剧组织编剧团队,每个人有不同的分工。设计情节、设计对白、写分场大纲、写分镜头脚本等,都有专人承担。为保证不犯常识性错误,往往还有拥有专业知识背景的“剧本医生”。最后,由主编剧统一修改润色。肖恩·莱恩为《盾牌》组建了20个人的编剧团队,《24小时》则动用了16个编剧、10个导演和6个执行制片。

内容再好,依旧要回归到制作上。影视工作者想要创新,就需要自主决定权,不被资本因素影响。Netflix在这一点上做到了极致。在Netflix之前,HBO已经建立起了一套完善的体系以保护原创,只做出最低限度的干预,而干预中最重要的一项就是所谓的先导集。在一部剧上映前,先导集的先行探路会帮助公司测试收视情况、口碑等,以求在重金投入前规避风险。

而Netflix采用的是Straight-to-Series模式,也就是放弃先导集,直接投资购买剧集,对制作过程完全放任。事后证明,正是由于Netflix把平台变成了创作者们的狂欢集会,那些富有创造力的叙事才得以最终落地。

除上述内容之外,美国网剧高度商业化的流水线作业方式、地方及海外廉价打包销售的品牌延伸策略,以及版权转让与广告销售并存的双重盈利模式,都是美国优秀网剧得以“过级闯关”的原因。

相比之下,如何在现有基础上进行文化创新,给观众新惊喜,中国影视剧行业还有很多需要学习和借鉴的地方。

【参考资料】

李献军:解码美国网络自制剧《纸牌屋》

王渊:从网络剧的发展看传受关系的嬗变—以《纸牌屋》为例

肖瑾:浅谈美国与中国大陆电视剧制作模式的区别

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