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“网剧热”的冷思考:脚踏实地 多出精品

2017-08-25 08:01:46   央广网

比如,现在的一些通俗文学,相对于追求艺术性、形式感的纯文学而言,除了言情、武侠等少数题材和类型外,一直处于“半地下”状态,在数量上远远无法满足普罗大众的文化娱乐需求。于是,当异常通俗的网络文学一经诞生,就迅速席卷了数亿的读者。

我国传统广电体系下的电视剧行业,同样面临着相似的问题。正因为电视剧远不能覆盖多达几亿观众的广阔的文化娱乐消费需求,于是网剧作为可以弥补传统电视剧行业类型缺失的、极具生命力的新兴力量,自然从一登上屏幕开始就受到广泛关注和热捧。

因此,网剧和电视剧之间,并非简单的二元对立关系,而是面临着共同的时代结构。

改革释放活力,资本流向“蓝海”

当前的一大经典认知误区就在于,将广电体系某种程度上的下行,归结为以网剧、网络大电影、网络综艺节目为主打的视频网站的冲击,进而认定是网剧的兴起造成了传统电视剧的萎靡。

然而事实是,从我国电视剧行业自身发展的角度来看,即使没有网剧的热潮,电视剧行业本身也已盛况不在。仅就全国34家省级卫视的综合频道而言,他们当前面临的实际经营状况,其实已经捉襟见肘。因为眼下,要购置任何“大IP电视剧”作品,两三亿元都已是起步价,按照一季度一部的保守估计,一家卫视每年仅购置电视剧的投入,就已有十几亿元,这还不包括同样昂贵的电视综艺节目;而全国电视行业的广告总额只在1000亿规模左右,再平均到各卫视,注定杯水车薪。

显然,传统电视剧行业,目前正深陷在一种总体性的行业危机当中。1999年,在广电领域推行的市场化改革,完成了省级卫视的全部上星,并推行制播分离、台网分离,一步步发展到了今天这种当初所不曾料想的复杂局面:已从当年所试图召唤的充分的市场自由竞争,蜕变为全行业的垄断格局。这个阶段的基本特征,就是行业资源的高度集中,具体表现就是当下的演员天价片酬、“热门IP”的天价版权等已引起全社会关注的行业乱象。

正是由于1999年试图通过释放行业活力,来吸纳更多社会资本的广电体制改革,在今天走到了历史的十字路口,社会资本自然纷纷转向更加有利可图的、管控也相对宽松的网剧“蓝海”。

网络文艺受众的“4+1群体”

随着移动互联网时代媒体迭代的加速,新的受众正在不断地登上历史舞台。20世纪80年代至今,电视剧观众的主体是中年女性,也就是我们传统意义上的“大妈”;而在移动互联网时代,更多的年轻观众开始成为电视剧/网剧观众的主体,并主导了话语权。受众的迭代,自然引发了全行业的转向。

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