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无边的边城——读龚静染《昨日的边城》札记

2017-08-25 07:27:03   中国青年网

但是,并不是运用了二重或三重证据法,就可以形成一部非虚构作品。显然不是的,即使是运用上述方法写作的经典著作如王国维的《流沙坠简》,或口述史研究名著英国学者拉斐尔·萨缪尔的《伦敦东区的下层社会》等,也不能称之为非虚构作品,它们只是史学著作或人类学著作。这是因为非虚构写作,无论多么忠诚于非虚构,它永远是创造性的写作活动,而非纯学术的客观的研究活动。非虚构写作,是非虚构加上文学写作,而不是非虚构加上学术研究。因此,我所理解的非虚构写作,至少应该包括田野调查、文献梳理和文学创作这三大内核。从这个角度去阅读龚静染的《昨日的边城》,或许才能触及作者的真心和才华。那些充满了灵性的文字,充满了个人情感的文字,充满了人性关怀的文字,在别的史学著述中是看不见的。

历史学家许倬云在《我者与他者》一书中认为:中国的历史,不论是作为政治性的共同体,抑或文化性的综合体,“中国”是不断变化的系统,不断发展的秩序。这一个出现于东亚的“中国”,有其自己发展与舒卷的过程,也因此不断有不同的“他者”界定其自身。对于中原或内地的“我者”而言,边疆或边城就是“他者”。但是,我者与他者也在不断变化和融合之中,我中有他,他中有我。马边的历史,也有力地证明了这一点。昨日的边城马边,它的边远或边界随着时间的流逝、交通的发达、文明的进步,正在迅速扩散、变淡甚至消失,变成一座无边的边城,一座可以窥见岁月秘密的无边窗口。或者如龚静染所言:“马边是西南边疆史的一面镜子。”

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