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2017-08-25 04:41:33   中国青年网

二问白鹤滩

生态保护:多种珍稀鱼类如何继续畅游?

答:

三峡集团白鹤滩工程建设部环保工作的工程师陈洋告知,目前正在进行大坝下泄生态流量设施的设计,保证大坝建成蓄水后,下泄流量能够满足下游河道生态需求,让鱼类能够继续畅游。

在白鹤滩水电站工程影响河段内,分布有29种长江上游特有鱼类和11种省级保护鱼类。“大坝建成后,对鱼类栖息保护方面将建立以长江上游珍稀特有鱼类保护区为主体,包括白鹤滩库区支流黑水河,雅砻江锦屏大河湾河段等流水生境在内的系统保护格局。”

“实施过鱼措施,生态调度,人工鱼巢,渔政管理规划等也是我们将运用的手段去改善鱼类繁殖的水生态,恢复特有鱼类资源。”陈洋告诉记者。

除了水生态,陆生生态是否会有影响?陈洋表示,从局地区域来看,水电开发不可避免会对库区生态环境带来不利的影响,仍会以干热河谷生态系统为主,区域基带土壤,河谷地形地貌等生境因子不受影响。

不仅如此,大坝建设过程和建成后,还要继续添绿。陈洋告知,在修复枢纽以及营地景观区的同时,白鹤滩水电站工程还结合区域植被特征和水土保持要求,确定了干热河谷稀树灌丛区,人工经济林区等生态修复区,面积达400公顷。“我们也还要对受工程影响的345株古树采取移植保护,目前全部移栽到宁南县城,植物园,一些移民安置点内。”

抗震设置:水电站如何抗震?

答:

在大坝设计时就有抗震专项设计,本身混凝土拱坝就有抗震能力强的特点。白鹤滩水电站最大坝高289米,所承受的总水推力达到1650万吨,它也是国内坝址地形地质条件最为复杂的高拱坝工程之一。其坝址烈度参数为8度,在高拱坝中防震级别最高。

在2005年,2011年以及2016年中国水科院就对拱坝抗震安全进行了分析和评价,以及复核改进,并对水电站项目的抗震安全性进行模拟实验分析,保证抗震设计安全。

华西都市报-封面新闻记者杨晨任吉军罗彬月李强摄影杨煜朱永祥

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