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白鹤滩水电站主体全面开工

2017-08-24 05:41:44   中国青年网

奔腾金沙江,左岸四川宁南,右岸云南巧家。蜿蜒的盘山公路向下,一路可见白鹤滩水电站大坝雏形。沿江高山险峻突兀,村民白屋点缀山间,是川滇之交独特一景。

到达电站上游围堰处,拦截江水的工程已经完成,向东的江水流入左右岸的洞口。据中国三峡集团白鹤滩工程建设部技术管理部专业师陈洋介绍,根据工程建设需要,坝址上游左右岸分别修筑了导流洞,以保证金沙江的正常过流。

离开上游围堰处,继续盘旋下行,到达大坝枢纽工程施工部分。陈洋介绍,当前工作主要是进行大坝混凝土的浇筑,现已完成20万方的浇筑方量,即50个仓(浇筑单位),一共要完成2430仓。

抬头,横跨左右岸缆机轨道线,不同混凝土罐来回穿梭。左右岸山体上,架起的红蓝黄塔架,支撑起缆机轨道线。

这缆索式起重机是水电工程建设的“生命线”,素有大坝混凝土、设备材料吊运的“空中走廊”之称。白鹤滩水电站主坝为混凝土双曲拱,坝高289米,为满足大坝810万方混凝土浇筑和12.6万吨金属结构吊装,工程共布置7台30吨平移式缆机,组成当今世界最大的缆机群。其中,缆机主索跨度均超过1000米,高缆塔架高75米,低缆塔架高30米。

迷宫里

总长度可从宁波到上海

与大多数建设在地面上的电厂不同,白鹤滩水电站的机组厂房建在地下,厂房、输水系统、泄洪系统、交通网络等工事在金沙江两岸的大山内部纵横交错,规模庞大。车驶入左右岸的洞室群,就犹如进入了地下迷宫。

有人曾作过这样的计算,洞室总长度达217千米,相当于上海到宁波的距离。左右岸洞室水平埋深最大可达800米到1050米,垂直埋深可达420米到540米。洞室数量多,且相互交错,布置结构复杂。其中电站厂房洞长438米,顶拱跨度34米,高88.7米,为世界已建跨度最大地下厂房;8个圆筒式尾水调压室直径43米—48米,为世界已建跨度最大调压室。

为何要挖规模巨大的地下洞室群?白鹤滩工程建设部地下厂房项目部负责人表示,“水电站处于深V型峡谷,两岸空间有限,因此需要开挖地下洞室,布置引水发电系统设备。”

遇险情

岩体曾面临坍塌的危险

如何在大山深处合适的位置为巨型机组的正常运行,造出坚实的“房子”和“通道”,是一个不小的挑战。

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