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印度再次发生火车脱轨事故 铁路管理混乱及设备陈旧所致

2017-08-23 19:26:28   央广网

车厢里挤满了人,车顶上站满了人,乘客像沙丁鱼一样被压缩在有限的空间里——这是网络上一些印度火车照片给人带来的直观感受。

新华社驻印度记者李明回忆起自己在印度乘火车的经历时谈到,“在印度,火车具有频繁的停站和晚点的特点。火车上没有报站人员和工具,所以乘客需要在出行之前计算好停站次数,以免下错站。以往我去外地出差经常会乘坐印度火车。我的直观感受是印度火车比较陈旧,基础设施常年得不到更新。有的火车站老鼠为患,时刻影响着列车的运行安全。”

中国社科院东南亚问题专家许利平也有过在印度坐火车的经历。他说,“我前两年去印度,也是从印度的首都新德里坐火车到最大城市孟买。我们坐的这个火车是卧铺,安全还可以。但是看到旁边的其它火车,车顶上还坐着人。有的人为了逃票,趴在车顶上,非常危险。”

拥挤、延误、官僚、脱轨……印度火车问题重重。但在选择出行方式上,印度民众仍然会投“火车”一票。因为对于他们而言,机票太昂贵,公路不方便,唯有铁路是既便捷又实惠的方式。那么,作为民众出行的主要交通工具,印度火车为什么事故频发?印度政府将如何应对?

印度火车目前速度最快的特快列车时速不超过160公里每小时,而普通客车时速通常徘徊在30至50公里每小时,速度相当缓慢。导致脱轨频发的直接原因多为年久失修、养护不当造成的铁轨断裂。印度铁路官员称,每天有2300万人搭乘1.2万次列车来往于印度各地。而混乱的铁路网管理及陈旧的铁路设备,却无法保障“国家的生命线”。许多铁路仍是殖民时期的遗留物。

李明分析称,“更为深层次的原因是印度铁路部门现行的运行系统已经满足不了时代需求。同时,铁路部门的官僚作风和安全意识淡化,机车和铁轨陈旧,维护不到位等因素也成为了事故多发的深层次原因。”

据印度媒体报道,印度政府开始准备为饱受批评的铁路安全开设一项长达5年、价值1万亿卢比,相当于1000亿人民币的基金。而这个想法其实早在16年前已经提出,到现在才真正提上日程。

对此,李明表示,在政府预算中并没有看到这笔款项,“印度财政部这一次并没有就铁路安全升级做出单独的预算,而是给予印度铁路部门5500亿卢比的2017到2018年的预算支持。这是有史以来最高的预算。熟悉情况的人士透露,其中一部分款项用于设立基金,其余部分将用于常规的建设支出。其实也不是很多钱。”

许利平则指出,印度落后的基础设施建设已成为经济快速增长的瓶颈,“火车脱轨事件实际上是基础设施建设严重滞后的集中反映。印度在公共交通,特别是火车、公路这方面需要大力建设,否则,将严重制约印度经济的高速增长。”

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