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作别金交所再借道保理商 国美乐视旗下平台如何洗脱自融质疑?

2017-08-23 10:47:10   央广网

除了被媒体广泛报道的案例,央广网记者在调查中发现,专注开展应收账款业务的平台——普惠理财,其“核心保”知名水漆品牌项目、“惠民保”知名物流平台物流企业项目等多款产品对接的保理商为厚朴金控商业保理有限公司,而该保理公司为硅谷厚朴(北京)金融信息服务有限公司(普惠理财的运营主体)的唯一股东。

对此,中央民族大学法学院教授邓建鹏表示,保理商虽然是网贷平台的关联方,作为委托贷款方存在于整个交易链条之中,但是目前不能确认其为最终借款人,因此不能以此判断以上情况皆属于自融。

关于网贷平台不得自融的要求来自于《网络借贷信息中介机构业务活动管理暂行办法》(下称“《暂行办法》”)第十条第一款的规定:网络借贷信息中介机构不得为自身或变相为自身融资。“监管规定基本确定了一个原则,那就是平台的中介属性,之所以这样界定,就是为了避免既是裁判员又是运动员的情况发生。”北京京师律师事务所合伙人周天喜表示。

“保理商为有关联关系的网贷平台提供资产,网贷平台要想洗脱自融之嫌,一是网贷平台需要对底层资产进行完整的信息披露;二是网贷平台与保理公司的资金账户必须相互独立。”邓建鹏指出。

 敏感信息模糊化处理如何保证交易的真实性?

然而,就第一点而言,目前很少有平台能做到较为完全的信息披露。当保理业务从银行转到平台,相关业务并没有被要求进行登记,存在应收账款伪造、重复抵押的风险。目前,只有少数平台通过央行的应收账款质押公示登记系统办理转让登记。

在网贷平台开展的保理业务中,较为通行的做法是披露基础交易资料等相关文件。不过出于对融资者隐私的保护,相关资料中企业名称、地址账户等均被脱敏处理。在这种情况下,投资者难辨应收账款的真伪,也无法辨别融资方是否与平台方存在关联。

在央广网记者调查的多家平台中,融资方的相关信息均未被完整披露,甚至有部分平台对保理商的名称都进行了隐藏。

金地旗下家家盈的“稳享计划0220期”等产品,对接亚洲保理(深圳)有限公司,平台对底层资产的信息依旧进行了隐藏,只标明原债权人为杭州某物流有限公司、原债务人为杭州某货运有限公司。

上述部分平台告诉央广网记者,不透露基础交易中融资企业的信息是出于保护隐私的考虑。对此,周天喜认为,隐私保护属于私法权利范畴,本身就该受限制。“不能以隐私保护对抗法律的规范要求,这是法律基本原理所要求的标准。”周天喜指出,目前保理法律法规还不完善,可能给有些企业和个人提供了“钻空子”的机会,即以隐私保护的名义规避披露义务。

中央财经大学金融法研究所所长黄震此前接受央广网记者采访时也同样表示,平台对公众可以隐藏融资企业的名称,但是对投资人应该全部显示。“连融资企业的名字都不告知,怎么分析风险?”黄震质疑。

根据《暂行办法》规定,网贷平台应当在其官方网站上向出借人充分公开借款人基本信息、融资项目基本信息、风险评估及可能产生的风险结果、已撮合未到期融资项目资金运用情况等有关信息。虽然《暂行办法》对网贷机构的信息披露提出了原则性要求,但是在操作上并没有具体的标准,而官方的《网络借贷信息中介机构信息披露指引》还在银监会的制定之中,尚未发布。

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