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“熊猫”是如何 捕捉暗物质的

2017-08-20 14:46:19   中国青年网

就是在这种条件下,在过去的一年里,中国科学家对580公斤液氙探测器的长时间运行,使其对暗物质和普通物质相互作用的探测灵敏度提高了4倍多,但“熊猫计划”所采用的580公斤液氙探测器并没有探测到一例暗物质粒子碰撞事件,由此中国科学家得出了碰撞几率的上限。这一发现再次刷新了对暗物质粒子性质限制的世界纪录。

在科研上,发现一条路和堵死一条路同样重要, “没看到”同样有意义。

作为基础物理最为重要的谜团之一,暗物质的研究吸引了全球众多物理学家为之努力,国际上的数个合作小组,都在为“捉”住暗物质而努力,为了抢占先机可谓争分夺秒,所有实验合作组都期望率先发现暗物质粒子的信号,暗物质探测的国际竞争非常激烈。

在国际暗物质探测竞赛中,已经结束运行的美国LUX合作组在2017年1月正式发表250公斤级探测仪过去4年运行的最终数据,超过了“熊猫计划”在2016年7月发表的世界最灵敏探测结果。而位于意大利的XENON1T探测器则已成为目前世界上运行中最大的暗物质探测仪,探测区域的液氙量达2吨。这一实验合作组也于今年5月公布了首个结果,其灵敏度又再次超越了美国LUX。

“熊猫计划”二期探测仪的体量虽然不到欧洲XENON1T的三分之一,但凭借探测仪优质独特的性能,经过近半年的持续稳定运行,合作组得到了超越XENON1T的最新探测结果,实现了第二次领先。

中国科学院院士、中国科学院高能物理研究所原所长陈和生说,“熊猫计划”二期实验的最新结果表明,中国深地暗物质探测实验已经处于国际领先水平;中国科学院院士、高能物理实验学家赵政国则认为,它表明中国的科学家在探索宇宙、探索自然的最尖端领域,在中国本土也可以作出国际领先的成就。

谈及下一步工作,“熊猫计划”项目科学家、负责实验数据分析的上海交通大学教授刘江来说,一是提升探测器体量,二是尽可能降低噪声。他透露,目前正在紧锣密鼓筹备下一代探测器,将正在使用的580公斤级液氙暗物质探测器升级到4吨。新探测器的各个组件已在建造,接下来是总装、联调和测试。中国科学家希望能在2018年终止580公斤级液氙探测器的运行,全力开展升级版探测器的实验,并争取在2019年获得新探测器的第一批数据。本报记者 蔡文清

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