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悲鸿马:中西融合的成功典范
2017-08-20 05:16:23 中国青年网
马作为徐悲鸿融合中西革新观念的成功注脚,不仅丰富了中国画鞍马科的表现技法,也为写实水墨画的发展奠定了基础。
徐悲鸿画马继承了中国文人画托物言志的传统。一方面,他写马抒怀,以马自况。他从不画膘肥体壮的鞍马,而酷爱画瘦骨嶙峋、放浪形骸的野马。他一贯主张“人不可有傲气,但不可无傲骨”,笔下那些豪放不羁的奔马,正是他自己人格的写照。另一方面,他还以马的题材嘲讽旧社会当权者的昏庸不明,发泄对旧社会黑暗统治的不满。如巨幅中国画《九方皋》,就是借古喻今,斥责当权者不识人才。画中那匹黑色的骏马,以人格化的手法予以刻画,其得遇知己的欣喜之情溢于纸外,非常传神。在许多表现马的作品中,徐悲鸿不仅通过笔墨的纵放表现心迹,还通过题跋直抒胸臆,这也是秉承了中国文人画的传统。如“哀鸣思战斗,迥立向苍苍”“秋风万里频回顾,认识当年旧战场”“山河百战归民主,铲尽崎岖大道平”等等,这些诗句与画意相得益彰,使观者得以窥见画家的所思所感。
在中国现代绘画史上,融合中西的花鸟画,以徐悲鸿的马和林风眠的孤鹜具代表性。徐悲鸿将严谨的造型、微妙的明暗、抒情的笔墨融为一体,创造了家喻户晓的“悲鸿马”形象。林风眠以诗意的情怀表现夜空中的水鸟,表达自己内心深沉的孤寂。他们一个借鉴西方写实主义,一个借鉴西方现代主义,均为中国花鸟画开辟了一条新路。他们的艺术实践,对于21世纪中国画的发展仍然具有重大启迪意义,那就是放眼世界、融通中西的胸怀,革新中国画的使命感与复兴中国文化的坚定信念。
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