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班农黯然离职,白宫内部决策流程走向正常化?

2017-08-19 12:02:36   国际在线

班农的离去为白宫内部决策流程尤其是国安会的正常运作扫清了巨大障碍。但白宫的“拨乱反正”仍面临巨大挑战。当前国务院、国防部重要岗位仍大量空缺,截止7月底,国务院包括助理国务卿在内的39个高层职位仍然空缺,许多重要岗位仍为职业外交官“代理”,188个驻外大使岗位只有30个正式提名。国务卿蒂勒森对本部门人员并不重视,整个部门上下士气低落,导致国务院在对外决策中不断“缺位”,严重影响美国对外政策执行和危机应变能力。国防部面临同样问题,截止6月,包括副防长、助理防长在内的35个岗位只提名了1位副防长和3位助理防长。

而作为“决策中枢”的国安会能否就此发挥重要作用同样存疑。从决策影响力看,国家安全顾问麦克马斯特在基本“肃清”弗林旧部和班农粉丝后已在国安会内部站稳脚跟,标志着以麦克马斯特、马蒂斯、凯利为首的军方力量在白宫高歌猛进。麦克马斯特的军人身份能够为他拉住一定数量和能量的“盟友”,目前国安会的人员构成军人色彩浓重,有25个高级职位由现役或退役军人担当,而在奥巴马执政后期只有2个高级岗位由军人担当。军方势力在国安会的“异军突起”既不符合二战后成立国安会以压制军方在决策体系中力量过大的初衷,也不符合美国的长期利益。当前,国务院正与白宫探讨减少外交人员“借调”国安会的名额,以精简国安会人员数量,减少开支。此举将进一步增强军方在国安会地位,白宫也会进一步“军事化”。一旦国安会失去对非军事涉外部门的指导能力,并在对外决策中忽略非军事化手段,特朗普政府将更容易走上以军事手段转移国内危机的道路,“由内而外”引发更大的危机与灾难。(孙成昊 中国现代国际关系研究院美国研究所助理研究员)

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