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抒发民族风情与爱国情怀

2017-08-19 08:28:18   中国青年网

出身在小凉山的鲁若迪基,因对故乡和亲人爱得深沉,小凉山已成为诗人乡愁的诗意象征,它高高耸立在诗人的心中,赋予了他诗歌民族特色更深厚宽广的内容。鲁若迪基诗歌的代表作,已被众多评论家高度评价的《小凉山很小》,把诗人的乡愁抒写得既个性鲜明又民族精神突出:“小凉山很小/只有我的眼睛那么大/我闭上眼/它就天黑了//小凉山很小/只有我的声音那么大/刚好可以翻过山/应答母亲的声音//小凉山很小/只有针眼那么大/缝补一件母亲的衣裳//小凉山很小/只有我的拇指那么大/在外的时候/我总是把它竖在别人的眼前”。这首诗写雄奇宏伟的小凉山,以小入笔,巧思新颖。以“我”的眼光和感悟入诗,亲切朴实。用四节的小凉山很小的不同意象:眼睛、声音、针眼、拇指来与之搭配相关内容,釆取层层递进的写法烘托出诗人对故乡小凉山和父老乡亲的深爱。诗语、意象朴实自然,充满小凉山民族村寨的生活气息。诗中的母亲,既可看成是诗人的母亲,也是小凉山父老乡亲或整个小凉山的象征意象。只不过用母亲来写更为亲切。诗中应答母亲的声音,隐喻着诗人和小凉山的血肉之情。为母亲缝件衣裳,既表达诗人对母亲的深爱,也象征诗人对生长的这片故土的回报。把乡愁之情表现得很温暖又别具民族风味。诗的最后一节是全诗的高潮,也使诗达到了一个崇高的境界,小凉山用一个拇指来比喻虽然小,但诗人却在外边说起小凉山时,就要竖起大拇指。非常形象又个性化地抒发了诗人对小凉山的热爱之情,从而把乡愁提升到作为一名小凉山人自尊自豪的民族情、家国爱。小凉山很小,以小写大,写出了诗人乡愁情中的大情怀、大境界。

《三江之门》是诗人献给世界自然遗产的一首充满地理生态特点,又抒发他作为生长在祖国三江之域普米人的自豪之情的好诗。金沙江、怒江、澜沧江流域的滇西高原,是我们伟大祖国美丽神奇丰富的地方,因其奇特丰富的自然风貌成为世界遗产。诗人从打开每一条江的“门”入笔,想象之门十分奇特。打开金沙江的门,就像打开了装满粮食的柜子,象征这里的富裕;打开怒江之门,就像打开了酒坛子,象征三江地区的神奇;打开澜沧江的门,就打开了通向大海、世界的门,象征开放的胸襟。诗人的心门也因此而打开,便情不自禁地写道:“让我自豪地说/我是天的儿子/我是地的儿子/我是天地间站立的普米人”。这就非常个性化地把生活在祖国的皇天后土这一方宝地的普米族诗人爱民族、爱祖国的家国情怀和作为中华民族大家庭的一员的自豪感,抒发得淋漓尽致,引人共鸣。

鲁若迪基为了把他诗歌中的乡愁情、家国爱表现得更有地方民族特色,在艺术上他注重从本民族的民歌、民谣、民间传说中吸取养料。读他的诗,就像从小凉山的普米山寨吹来的一股清风,让人心爽愉悦。他的诗语像普米民歌一样明快、短小而又蕴含着丰富的内容,他善于以巧写俗、以小写大,诗空广阔而深远,充满浪漫主义的色彩。《云南的天空》让人一读便拍案叫好:“云南人太神奇了/每天都让很多的云/擦拭着自己的天空/擦得那么干净/蓝得没话可说/干净的云南天空/擦拭它的云/也不染一丝灰尘/那样洁白/白得让人想起稿纸/忍不住想在上面作首诗”。干净的云南天空,是干净的云擦亮的,擦蓝的。作为诗人的鲁若,灵感自然而来要在上边作诗。诗中的想象,太浪漫、很奇特、又自然。其意象就像从生活中顺手拈来,只有把普米民歌融入到了自己的灵魂中,才可能写出这样精彩美妙的诗来。

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